Free Essays on Ethics On Research And Development

, the most net joy would be made if the seals were tried on and murdered, accordingly satisfying the best satisfaction head. Besides, seals are not part of the ethical network; which means they don’t have the ability to be good operators, and we have no commitment to offer them moral consideration.2 Even an exacting consequencialist would concur that the outcomes of having tests on the seals and just having a remote chance of finding a fix is better than not testing and not finding a fix when it truly existed.2 The contentions against testing our items on the seals are likewise extremely convincing, for the creatures, however for prosperity of the enterprise. A consequentialist in view of the government assistance of the organization would contend that the outcomes of being off-base are incredible to such an extent that they exceed any advantages of benefit. For instance, if the tests are directed and no fix is found, there could be conceivably bankrupting repercussions because of fights, stockhol... Free Essays on Ethics On Research And Development Free Essays on Ethics On Research And Development Thomas Huxley once composed, â€Å"Veracity is the core of morality.† If this is the situation, at that point the choices to either seek after or desert our pharmaceutical undertakings is dependent upon scanning far and wide for answers and truth on the theme. The fundamental inquiry nearby is as per the following: does the chance of incredible human addition (for example sparing numerous lives), exceed the unavoidable demise of many child seals? Despite the fact that there are numerous contentions for and against this venture, a choice is basic to the accomplishment of the company. Above all else, when contending for this undertaking, we need to accept that the exploration of a skin disease fix will in reality be fruitful. In the event that we didn’t, and there was a possibility factor, we would never come to an end result. That being stated, from a carefully utilitarian position, the â€Å"utility† would be augmented on the off chance that we followed through and proceed with testing (accepting a fix was found). At the end of the day, the most net satisfaction would be made if the seals were tried on and killed, in this way satisfying the best bliss head. Moreover, seals are not part of the ethical network; which means they don’t have the ability to be good operators, and we have no commitment to offer them moral consideration.2 Even a severe consequencialist would concur that the outcomes of having tests on the seals and just having a remote chance of finding a fix is better than not testing and not finding a fix when it truly existed.2 The contentions against testing our items on the seals are likewise extremely convincing, for the creatures, however for prosperity of the partnership. A consequentialist considering the government assistance of the organization would contend that the results of being off-base are incredible to such an extent that they exceed any advantages of benefit. For instance, if the tests are led and no fix is found, there could be conceivably bankrupting repercussions because of fights, stockhol...

Free Essays on Nandos

Presentation ________________________________________________________ Nando’s, is a notable drive-through joint which was found in 1987 in South Africa. Nando’s is having some expertise in chicken, particularly its extraordinary Mozambican-Portuguese style of Peri-Peri Flamed Grilled Chicken. Nando’s opened its first universal strore 12 years prior and the Nando’s Peri-Peri trail has blasted from South Africa over the oceans to other 22 nations, containing 400 stores around the world. The mark menu thing at Nando’s is a Portuguese claim to fame, Peri-Peri chicken which has a really novel taste. Delectable other options and increases to Peri-Peri chicken incorporate chicken bosom burgers and pitas, prego steak moves, veggie lover and bean burgers, chicken livers and so forth. Organizations today face three significant difficulties and openings which obviously, as a universal organization, Nando’s is likewise confronting similar difficulties which carry chance to the business: Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsourcing. Further subtleties will be talked about in the accompanying. Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsoucing ________________________________________________________ Globalization Globalization is the developing mix of economies and social orders far and wide and legitimate framework. That make individuals around the world are more associated with one another than any other time in recent memory. At a business level, we talk globalization when organizations choose to partake in the developing worldwide economy and build up themselves in remote market. Globalization implies an organization will adjust their items or administrations to the last user’s etymological and social necessity. At that point, exploit the web transformation and build up a virtual nearness on the worldwide commercial center with a multilingual corporate site or even as an e-business. Nando’s first made in South Africa and had a quick improvement abroad. ... Free Essays on Nandos Free Essays on Nandos Presentation ________________________________________________________ Nando’s, is a notable drive-through eatery which was found in 1987 in South Africa. Nando’s is represent considerable authority in chicken, particularly its special Mozambican-Portuguese style of Peri-Peri Flamed Grilled Chicken. Nando’s opened its first universal strore 12 years prior and the Nando’s Peri-Peri trail has bursted from South Africa over the oceans to other 22 nations, including 400 stores around the world. The mark menu thing at Nando’s is a Portuguese forte, Peri-Peri chicken which has a genuinely one of a kind taste. Flavorful other options and increases to Peri-Peri chicken incorporate chicken bosom burgers and pitas, prego steak moves, veggie lover and bean burgers, chicken livers and so forth. Organizations today face three significant difficulties and openings which obviously, as a universal organization, Nando’s is likewise confronting similar difficulties which carry chance to the business: Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsourcing. Further subtleties will be talked about in the accompanying. Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsoucing ________________________________________________________ Globalization Globalization is the developing reconciliation of economies and social orders far and wide and legitimate framework. That make individuals around the world are more associated with one another than any time in recent memory. At a business level, we talk globalization when organizations choose to participate in the developing worldwide economy and set up themselves in remote market. Globalization implies an organization will adjust their items or administrations to the last user’s etymological and social prerequisite. At that point, exploit the web upheaval and build up a virtual nearness on the global commercial center with a multilingual corporate site or even as an e-business. Nando’s first made in South Africa and had a quick improvement abroad. ...

How to Make a Research Outline

How to Make a Research OutlineIf you are new to studying for exams, and you have decided that you want to take them, you need to learn how to make a research outline. Studying for exams may be a bit confusing at first, but after you get used to the techniques, it will seem natural and will be much easier to study for.There is no way you can learn how to make a research outline without studying a general research outline. The reason for this is because it is the foundation of your paper. There are many techniques that can be used to make a general outline, but the most important thing is to make a rough outline that you can turn into a more structured outline later on.The first important step is to make a research plan. This should include all of the information you are going to need to write a specific paper. It will also include your objectives. You should have a specific length and topic that you have chosen to work on.With your outline in place, it is time to write down a detailed timeline of the steps you need to take in order to complete your research. You should be able to outline your entire process including when to schedule your own exams, when to do the prep work, when to choose a tutor or where to find help from a book or online, etc.Once you have all of this in place, it is time to put your outline into the form of a chart or other type of format. This can be done by taking a piece of paper and writing out your outline and putting it down on the page in a vertical column style.If you have an outline in a table format, it will be very difficult to memorize it as you will have to flip through the paper to read it all the way across to your notes. With a chart, you can just read the part you need at a time to remember it, so you won't forget a thing. This is another reason why outlines are a good tool to use.With an outline in hand, you will know exactly how long each section of your paper is going to take. This is important because you will have time to go over your notes and other documents.

Impact Of Globalization On The Social Consciousness Of The...

Introduction Globalization is a term that profoundly characterized the social consciousness of the late 20th century, and still continues to shape 21st century social discourse. But what exactly does globalization imply? Unfortunately, despite being referred to almost incessantly, the true meaning of globalization is often obscure (Reich, 1998). However, according to Griswold (2000), the term globalization simply refers to the liberalization of international trade that effectively promotes the integration of national economies. Another definition of globalization is provided by Pologeorgis (2010), who states that globalization is a process that ultimately aims to expand business operations on a worldwide scale. According to Griswold (2000), there are also those schools of thought who define globalization based on technology and communication in the context of the internet and on diminishing of national boundaries. To this effect, it can be deduced that the eradication of national boundaries, toge ther with increased international communication has resulted in the shrinking of the world into a global village. According to The Economist.com (2014), the assumption has always been that with globalization, developing nations have the opportunity to catch up and be equal to or with developed nations. Hence, as The Economist.com (2014) continues to assert, when developed countries enter global markets, economic inequality is significantly diminished. However, according to HoganShow MoreRelatedThe Representation Of The Corporate Social Decisions And Activities1504 Words   |  7 Pages4.2 Legitimacy Theory The corporates were suggested by Hogner (1982) to legitimize their corporate social decisions and activities. In 1983, Lindblom stated a framework about legitimacy theory to explain why companies should disclosure the social information and environment information. Many social studies relied on this framework to claim the theoretical structure. The legitimacy theory was born to strengthen objective of the corporate management to react to the expectations of the community membersRead MoreGlobalization Is An Increasingly Present Phenomenon, Which1007 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is an increasingly present phenomenon, which influences almost everyone’s life to a certain extent. Our world is more connected than ever, and not just from an economic point of view, but from social, political, technological, and cultural as well. Globalization can be defined, analysed, tackled many ways, but this essay seeks to briefly define globalization, introduce the convergence - diversity debate, and examine the different types of organizational strategic perspectives in ChinaRead MoreThe Field Of American Studies1758 Words   |  8 Pagesseeking to understand the practices by individuals and groups and their history of origin. Scholars struggle to understand how values and beliefs shape social and political realities within the U.S. and other countries. American Studies is an interdisciplinary study that explores cultures of the United States as well as their transnational exchanges and impact. In the words of Staurt Hall, he â€Å"finds in American culture and in America’s capacity to live with difference the best illustration of a continuousRead MoreGlobalization Is A Complex Phenomenon3186 Words   |  13 Pagescriticism on corporate behavior and the failure of politics, have accused the process of globalization of worsening existing global inequalities and being responsible for growing levels of poverty. Globalization has not benefited majority of people in the Third World in spite of various development programs and global human rights tools. 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Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1 2. Introduction to the concept of globalization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 3. Different areas of effect of globalization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 4. International finance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 5. The impact of globalization on international finance i. Relationship between globalization and international finance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....12 ii. Globalization and its impact on developing countries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreFeminism in India4692 Words   |  19 PagesConcepts[show] | Theory[show] | By country[show] | Lists and indexes[show] |   Feminism portal | * v   * t   * e | Feminism in India  is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for Indian women. It is the pursuit of  womens rights  within the society of  India. Like their feminist counterparts all over the world,  feminists  in India seek gender equality: the right to work for equal wages, theRead MoreThe Best Selling Garment Of All Time2144 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"the best-selling garment of all time†, denim has been a key participant in the evolution of popular culture (Weber 2006). Originally making its public debut appearance within the mining sectors in the mid-1800s, denim has become a product of globalization, as it gained both attention and wear by billions (Foreman 2015). As various styles have evolved from denim, jeans have deemed consistency throughout popular culture movements, withstanding the test of time. Not only has denim broken barriers ofRead MoreGlobalization a nd It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND IT EFFECTS ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. INTRODUCTION I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of mans complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desiresRead MoreA Range Of Artists And Their Works2006 Words   |  9 Pagesof the twenty-century. Duchamp was an innovator of the Dada movement, in which challenged long-held conventions about what art should be, and how it should be made. Pursuing an alternative to expressing objects in paint, Duchamp began displaying mass-produced, commercially available, quotidian objects he referred to as â€Å"ready-mades†. Duchamp set out to shock and disrupt the art landscape with his subversive and radical approach to art. The precedent Duchamp set, had a profound impact on the art world

Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 884 Words

A minor lie here and there is considered by most to be harmless, but when one engages in habitual lying, it can transform minor lies such as white lies into something more dangerous. When one works to conceal a lie, a cloud of deception hangs over those involved and can lead to the destruction of friendships, relationships, and even marriages. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, he uses the motif of lies and deception to illustrate the fragileness of the Helmer’s marriage, which ultimately leads to its demise. Nora Helmer, a naà ¯ve woman who has never been given the chance to mature into an independent woman, never reveals to her husband that she forged her father’s signature in order to take out a loan. Therefore, she goes to great length to conceal her crime from her misogynistic husband, such as trying to thwart Krogstad’s decision to send Torvald a letter outlining his wife’s misdeed. Initially, Nora did not fully comprehend the gravity of her misdeed. During her conversation with Krogstad, to whom she indebted, Krogstad admits to Nora that he is aware of her forgery and also informs her that he was ostracized for the same crime. The law did not take into consideration Krogstad’s motivations behind his forgery; it was only concerned with the fact that a law was broken. Nora states â€Å"then it [the law] must be very foolish†. Her ignorance of the law, and other worldly matters, prevents her from understanding that the law does not care about why o ne committed a crime, onlyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husband’s, Torvald, life. Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"doll† and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1152 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† addresses the importance of the roles women play throughout this time period. Women are thought to be like â€Å"dolls† to their husbands, by obeying their commands and keeping a good image. We see the main character, Nora Helmer struggle to keep her perfect image of a great wife as troubles start to arise. Throughout the play we begin to see Nora push through her troubles and find her true identity, Nora shifts from being the loving, perfect wife, to being a strongRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House995 Words   |  4 Pagesimagining and guiding the integration of all these elements belongs to the director. One of the toughest tasks of a director is to reinvigorate a socially important and renowned production while maintaining its original message and composition. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House is a socially important realistic play that portrays the gender dynamics that plagued the nineteenth century and questions the expectations held for women in a household and society. The play is still incredibly influential because the issuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 851 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsens’s, A Doll House, details the lives of the Helmers, a seem ingly perfect couple. As the story progresses from act to act, it becomes quite obvious that their relationship is everything but perfect. Complications arise quickly when a forged loan by Nora Helmer is brought to her husband Torvald’s attention. The prejudices women experience, particularly, Nora is a definite tone in this play. Henrick Ibsen does a great job at showing both sides of the oppression of women, particularly withinRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1472 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Doll House† Playing many different characters is what Henrik Ibsen’s meant to do in A Doll House. The main characters fool people into believing they are someone other than their true selves. Nora plays her role flawlessly as she pretends to be living two different lives. Nora is Torvalds devoted and self-indulgent wife, but naively enough, she doesn’t realize she is a courageous, self-sufficient women. As the character’s progress so does Nora’s personality, she goesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 924 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen once wrote a play called â€Å"A Doll House.† Back in 1879 when the play was written there was lots of controversy on whether are not they play should have been showed. It created lots of arguments because of the time that they play was done (Hemmer). In the time frame that Ibsen wrote his play it was a time where women really had no say. Women would listen to their husbands and do as they say. At the end of the original play Nora, the main character, left her husband and her kids. IbsenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House1460 Words   |  6 Pagesopposition to the idea of a female president. Traditionalist opposition has women body shamed into the fixed standard of beauty being the skinny Caucasian blonde. People still look down on women in troubled relationships as being their fault. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House puts into criticism the problems brought by traditionalism though the story between Torvald and Nora. Where Nora has to keep a secret how she saved her husband’s life to save her marriage, because she fears a woman helping a man would shameRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesIn Hendrik Ibsen play â€Å"A Doll House† Nora is a women who had typical women gender role in the 19th century to take care of the children and the home so that she can please her husband while her husband handles all the outs ide business and money as the primary care taker. Nora has always lived with a man that took care of her and told her what to do. Nora completely accepted her expectations and â€Å"conditions of the world in which she live† as Torvald put it, because she never had the opportunity toRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1154 Words   |  5 Pagessacrifice mean? Is it important? Sacrifice can be defined as an act of immolating someone or something. Will one might think it depends on the person to decide on the importance of the sacrifice? In light of this play, â€Å"A Doll House† written realistically by Henrik Ibsen, he has portrayed many symbols throughout the play. One of the many symbols that stood out was sacrifice. Clothing also symbolized some importance in the play and the Tarantella dance as well. However, what exactly is a symbolRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional stereotypes, men are strong and dominant, while women are weak and submissive. There are moments in the person’s life when men do not appreciate their wives and go across their limits. This view sounds a lot like what Henrik Ibsen wrote about in his play, A Doll House. Ibsen presented gender roles through social roles, identity and marriage. This factors affect how the characters in the play are viewed by society. Althouth gender roles have changed over time and males and females have become more

Miranda v Arizona free essay sample

What Is Miranda? Miranda Warning also known, as Miranda Rights is a warning given by police in the U.S to criminal suspects in police custody, before they are interrogated to preserve the admissibility of their statements against them in criminal proceedings. Miranda Warnings consist of the following: You have the right remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney  If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you. Do you understand the rights I have just read to you?  With these rights in mind, do you wish to speak to me?  Police departments in Indiana, New Jersey, Nevada, Oklahoma, and Alaska add this sentence: â€Å"We have no way of giving you a lawyer, but one will be appointed for you, if you wish, if and when you go to court. The suspect must give a clear answer to these questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Miranda v Arizona or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Silence isn’t acceptable as waiving these rights because the arrestee might not understand or speak English as his/her first language. If the Miranda Warnings has to be translated for a suspect, the translation is usually recorded. If the person implies at anytime prior to or during questioning, he/she wants to remain silent the interrogation must end. If the person says that they want an attorney, the interrogation must come to an end, until an attorney is present. At this time the person must have a chance to confer with their attorney and their attorney must be present during questioning. If the accused person confesses to the authorities, the prosecution must prove to the judge that the defendant was informed of their Miranda Rights and knowingly waived those rights, before the confession can be introduced in the defendant’s criminal trial. It’s important to know that police are enforced to â€Å"Mirandize† a suspect if they plan to interrogate that person under custody. If the police do not inform a person or suspects of the Miranda Warning and he/she is being questioned, any statement or confession made is presumed to be involuntary and cannot be use against the person in  any criminal case. Also, if any evidence discovered as a result of that statement or confession will likely be thrown out of the case. The Miranda Warnings do not have to be read in the exact order, and they do not have precisely match the language of the Miranda case as long as they are adequate and fully expressed. Law Enforcement can only ask for specific information suc h as name, date of birth and address without having read the suspects their Miranda Rights. Six Rules There are six rules of Miranda. The Miranda rules administers to the use of testimonial evidence in criminal proceedings that is the product of police interrogation. Miranda right to counsel and right to remain silent are derived from the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment. For Miranda to apply, these six requirements must be fulfilled: Evidence must be gathered The evidence must be offered by the state during a criminal prosecution Who, What, Where, When  Miranda Rights were initiated in 1966 after a Supreme Courts decision in a case known as Miranda vs. Arizona. In Miranda vs. Arizona, Ernesto Arturo Miranda a laborer from Mesa, Arizona was convicted on kidnapping and raping an 18- year-old, mildly retarded woman and armed robbery charges based on his confession under police interrogation. During the trial the Supreme Court found that the Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights of Ernesto Miranda were violated during his arrest and interrogation. He was brought in for questioning, and confessed to the crime. He was not informed that he did not have to speak or that he could have a lawyer present. The court ruled that the statements made to the police could not be used as evidence, since Miranda had not been advised of his rights. Since then, before any pertinent questioning of a suspect is done, the police are required to recite the Miranda Warning. This ruling has had a significant impact on law enforcement  in the United States, by making what became known as the Miranda Rights part of routine police procedure to ensure that suspects were informed of their rights. The Supreme Court decided Miranda with three other consolidated cases: Westover vs. United States, Vignera vs. New York and California vs. Stewart. Miranda Warning became the law for all U.S citizens to ensure the accused is aware of, and reminded of, these rights under the U.S. Constitution, and that they know they can invoke them at any time during the arrest/questioning or interrogation.

The False Promise Of Gun Control Essays - Gun Politics, Firearms

The False Promise Of Gun Control After the class debate, Tougher Gun Control on November 12, 1999: I gained a new understanding of the opposing sides views on the issue. They had some very strong arguments, including some very weak points. I'll start with the stronger points and diminish to the weaker arguments throughout this paper. I do believe that if gun control laws get even tougher ( to the point of imprisonment ) than they are at this present time in society, our jails, prisons and correctional facilities will soon be overcrowded and we will have a sentencing problem with any issue that arises in the state that assigns the rules on gun control. There are too many conflicts and crossroads that develop when a stand against one issue will cause debates in another subject, such as sentencing of gun abusers and the overcrowding of prisons. The opposing side also mentioned how the black market (a name for an underground organization that is stolen, bought and sold, merchandise) would simply make firearms so much more expensive because they are now all illegal to citizens. Well, I don't think that if their were to be tougher gun control laws, all of the firearms in the United States of America would be banned, tougher gun control is simply the monitoring of guns, making sure they are not as easy to get in the stores as well as on the street. I believe the opposing side was thinking in terms of NO GUNS IN THE COUNTRY...EVER! And that's not at all what this issue is about. The other sides weakest argument, in my opinion was how they are now making guns with sensors that will only fire with the owners fingerprints. Even though this may be a breakthrough in technology for some, there will always be others to break the system. What makes the average citizen feel that the suspect cannot get replicas of a fingerprint with all of the technology their is in this world? No matter hat new devices are developed in today's time, their is always somebody trying to break the system. Did you successfully anticipate your opponents arguments? I feel that our opponents had some very strong views, they had a well prepared speech and argument. In some cases I could anticipate what they were about to bring up and discuss, and then at times I had to think of a opposing point to argue what they were proving. What feedback from the class did you find most helpful? Some of the best comments came from the class, they had a lot of diverse opinions and they jumped right in on the topic as soon as the actual debaters time was up. I feel the most useful information was when one of the classmates talked about the whole reason for rules and laws was because of money. This is true, in my opinion. Another was when a classmate talked about the gun in the house used for protection. The whole family was aware their was a gun but the children were taught about the dangers of guns and weapons. Why do you think your side was not favored by the class? I feel the class favored the opposing sides opinion on gun control because in all reality, making gun control laws tougher is not going to reduce crimes and homicides. I feel that by making gun control laws more strict, society as a whole is going to want to rebel naturally and try to go against the government and the laws. Our side was not favored by the class because in my opinion, when you make something illegal, inflation takes place, therefore making the price of guns outrageous and causing a mild case of chaos. By punishing the guilty who use their guns negatively, we can diminish the problem of crime and homicides a lot more effectively than trying to deal with the results of banning all guns and then having to discipline the masses of citizens who are set on their ways of owning a gun. For instance, taking racism, back in the 1800's it was considered normal to hate blacks ( In the 1900's, it is normal to own a firearm if you wish), Now

Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essays

Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essays Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essay Are there more stomata per mm2 on old leaves or young leaves Essay I will take some old leaves and some young leaves. I aim to use three of each. I think this is a realistic amount to use because it is a slow process. The leaves I will use will be from a cherry laurel bush (prunus laurocerasus). I will know which leaves are young and which are old by their colour and size. Young leaves are small and a lighter green. Old leaves are larger, and a darker green. First, I will clean the leaf, to remove dust and dirt. Then I will paint 1cm2 of clear nail-varnish on the underside of the leaf, because that is where the stomata are. I will paint the nail-varnish to one side of the mid-rib, but not too near the edge.I will then leave it to dry, while I measure the size of the microscopes field of view, on medium power. To do this, I will use the graticule to measure its diameter, then divide this in half to find the radius. Then I will use the radius measurement in the formula ?r2 to work out the area of the field of view. When the nai l-varnish is fully dry, I will carefully peel it off with a pair of forceps, and place it on a slide the same way up as it was on the leaf. Then I will look at it under the microscope. It will be a perfect imprint of the underside of the leaf. I will count the number of stomata I can see in the field of view, and use the area of the field of view to work out how many stomata there are per mm2. I will repeat this process with all of the leaves.Controls and variablesThe only variable in my experiment will be the age of the leaf. I will try to ensure that all the other conditions remain the same.* I will make sure that all the young leaves are the same size, and all the old leaves are the same size. This will mean that there will not be a range of ages.* I will put the nail varnish on the same part of the leaf, as the number of stomata may vary, according to where they are on the leaf.* I will keep the same nail varnish at the same thickness, so they all peel off in the same way.* I wi ll always use the same magnification medium power, so that the field of view will remain constant.* I will choose leaves from the same side of the same bush, so that all the leaves will have developed in the same conditions.* I will not distort the nail-varnish peel by pressing down on it, changing the results.PredictionI think that age does not affect the amount of stomata on a leaf because of the way in which leaves grow. New leaf cells develop around the edges of the leaf in meristem tissues, the cells of which are able to divide infinitely. After division is complete, genetic programming determines what sort of cell it will become. As a result, whether a cell becomes the one of a stomatas guard cells or not, and the frequency at which they develop is already fixed by the plants genetic programming, which does not change. Therefore, the number of stomata a leaf has per mm2 will remain constant throughout its existence, regardless of its age.Obtaining ResultsWhen I chose my three young leaves, I made sure that they were the smallest leaves I could find. They were all of a very similar size on average 5cm long, and of a light green colour. The three older leaves were all much larger on average 15cm long and of a darker green colour. I collected all the leaves from the same side of the same bush, and at the same height to ensure that they had all grown in the identical conditions. When I took them back to the laboratory, I painted them all with the same brand of nail-varnish, of an equal thickness and area, and in the same position, on the underside of the leaf, where the stomata are.I left them all to dry for 24 hours. While they were drying, I measured my field of view. I set the microscope to medium power, with the x10 eyepiece, then noted which microscope I was using, and the settings, so that they would always be the same. Then using a graticule, I measured the diameter of the field of view. It was 0.6mm long. Then I divided this by 2 to find the radiu s, and used it in the formula ?r2, to calculate the area: ? x 0.32 = 0.283mm2When the nail varnish was dry, I used a pair of forceps to peel the nail varnish off the leaves. Each time, I peeled a section off, I placed it on a clean slide, and labelled the slide to show whether it was a young leaf or an old leaf. When all the nail-varnish had been peeled off and put on slides, I started to make my observations. I placed a slide under the microscope, focused on the image and counted the stomata I could see. As well as counting the full ones, I also counted the ones that were only partially in the field of view. I counted them slowly and accurately, then wrote down my findings. Then I worked out how many there would be per mm2 for each result. To do this I worked out how much smaller my field of view was in proportion to a mm2:1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.283 = 3.53This meant that I had to multiply each of my results by 3.53 to obtain the number of stomata per mm2. I put these results into a table :Old LeavesYoung LeavesNumber of stomata per mm2204.9129.7190.8188.7130.7159.6I thought these results looked quite random, so I decided to look at some more leaves. I prepared them in exactly the same way as I had done before: The leaves were of the same size, colour, and position on the same bush. I used the same thickness, area and brand of nail-varnish in the same position on the underside of the leaf, and left them for the same amount of time. When I made observations, I used the same microscope, power and eyepiece as I had done the first time. I counted the stomata in the same way as I had done before, and worked out the calculations in the same way. However, I only had time to do two more young and old leaves. I added these results to the table:Old LeavesYoung LeavesNumber of stomata per mm2204.9129.7190.8188.7130.7159.6141.3166.7159.0156.1Average165.3160.2AnalysingMy results indicate that the number of stomata varies from leaf to leaf, but when the mean is compared between ol d and young leaves the results are very similar they only differ by 3%, or 5 stomata. This suggests that the age does not affect the number of stomata per mm2 on a leaf. This is a graph of my results:My findings support my prediction because they prove that age does not affect on the amount of stomata per mm2 that a plant has. I think this is due to the way in which leaves grow. New leaf cells develop around the edges of the leaf in meristem tissues, the cells of which are able to divide infinitely. After division is complete, genetic programming determines what sort of cell it will become. As a result, whether a cell becomes the one of a stomatas guard cells or not, and the frequency at which they develop is already fixed by the plants genetic programming, which does not change. Therefore, the number of stomata a leaf has per mm2 will remain constant throughout its existence, regardless of its age. The number of stomata may vary from leaf to leaf due to differences in the stomatas positioning on the leaf.EvaluatingI think that the evidence I obtained is as accurate as I could make it. The observations I made are quite accurate, because I counted the stomata as well as I could, but, due to slight imperfections on the surface of the nail-varnish, some small parts were not in focus. This meant that in these parts the stomata were difficult to count. However, I do not think that I made any major mistakes. I do not think that there are any anomalous results. The procedure was very suitable, because using a nail-varnish peel is the only way to count the stomata with the equipment that I had access to. The microscope I used relied on light shining through the specimen, and it is impossible to look at leaves in this way due to their thickness. The reliability if my evidence could have been improved by obtaining more results.If I had looked at more leaves, then I would have been able to calculate more accurate averages. Also, I should have ensured that I always looke d at exactly the same part of the leaf, as precisely as possible, in case the number of stomata per mm2 varied greatly depending on where it was on the leaf. I always painted my nail-varnish in about the same place, over an area of 1cm, but my microscope was only able to look at 0.283mm2. This means that the particular place on the leaf that I looked at could have varied enormously from leaf to leaf. I think my evidence is sufficient to support a firm conclusion, because, despite the fact that I only did 5 of each different age, they still showed that age does not seem to have an effect on the number of stomata per mm2 a leaf has. However, I think that there is a way that I could have provided additional evidence for a conclusion.The best way to discover whether age affects the number of stomata per mm2 that a leaf has would be to look at the same leaf as it matures. I could have left the leaf growing on the tree, and painted the nail-varnish on without taking the leaf off the tree, then taken the dry nail-varnish peel back to the laboratory to observe. I could have marked where I had painted the nail-varnish the last time, and each month, I could have repeated the experiment, comparing it to the last result I had got. This way I would know for sure how age affects the stomata, because I would be looking at the same leaf as it grew in the same conditions, rather that different leaves, growing in slightly different conditions. Also, when I drew a graph of my results, the data would be continuous, allowing me plot a line graph and discover the true relationship between the age of a leaf and the amount of stomata it has.

Business Ethics And Surrounding Theories Philosophy Essay

Business Ethics And Surrounding Theories Philosophy Essay Business ethics for quite some time now has been a global issue as the case maybe in business deliveries. Business ethics may be defined as way managers take decision that will make their business reputation to be morally sound in business transaction. It entails that transparency is involve in decision making, ethical issue in business delivery is very vital to protect the image of the company (Boatright 2007). Business ethics help’s manager’s to take the right decision in business transaction in other to keep their business moving at a rapid growth in the economy (Nash 1990) Ethics can also be defined as the study of how morality are involve in human decision to build their business reputation (Borland 1999).Ethical solution to business transaction has a lot possible solution to make business to deliver it objectives. The term ethics also has another, quite different use as the case may be which is to denote the field of moral philosophy. Every manager has a way to s how transparency and accountability to the business approach, in other to make the right decision in business. ETHICAL THEORIES Teleological frameworks: these are the conduct of an individual or the outcome of an individual action.(mill, 1864).Ethical egoism entails that the decision that individual take will be in mutual interest of the organisation and balance it to be mutual beneficial in business transaction. Ego is derived from a Latin word meaning self, ethical egoism allows for self-interests to play a role in the actions of the individual as long as there are also positive benefits for others. The level of rationalization may evolve into the justification that pursuing a person self- interest is necessary to generate a positive outcome for others.(Beauchamp and Bowie 1997). Deontological frameworks: This aspect focuses whether the action is right or wrong on ethical issues. The duty of the person taking such decision is highly considered as the case may be in ethics. Ethical theories; these theories involves the way or approach which are linked with philosophical empiricism and utilitarianism.(George 1999). The act of utilitarianism deals with the decision that one will take which will make him feel relax in business transaction and the outcome of the business will be positive depending on the application. The rule utilitarian states that the decision the manager’s will result in potential rules of action. (Graham 1990). Business reputation in the context of business to business, deals with a way manager relate with other vital issue which will protect the image of the company. If adherence to the rule produces more positive result than otherwise, it is a rule that morally will be highly considered. The distinction between act and rule utilitarianism is based on the outcome should be highly considered in calculating the effect on business related issues. UTILITARIANISM: According to utilitarianism, our obligation or duty in any situation is to p erform the action that will result in the possible balance of good over evil. ln classical utilitarianism, pleasure is taken to be more beneficial to compare with pain and harms which are evil.

Why do the scientific community and the public have different views Essay

Why do the scientific community and the public have different views about the nature and validity of global climate change - Essay Example 457). These developments seemingly established the presence of several defects in climate science. Moreover, in the initial stages, the media was given to quoting scientists, with respect to global warming. As such, scientists were deemed to be the primary sources of such information. Subsequently, the media resorted to quoting politicians, interests groups and other entities who had a vested interest in the ramifications of this issue (Durfee & Corbett, 2005, p. 88). The media, with its penchant for sensationalism, had preferred to promote the view that there was considerable uncertainty regarding global warming. Furthermore, a small section of scientists disagree with the mainstream scientific evaluation regarding global warming. These individuals entertain various opinions regarding the cause behind this phenomenon. Some of these scientists declare that it has not been determined whether the primary cause of global warming is human activity (Haldar, 2010, p. 140). On the other hand, there are a few scientists who ascribe global warming to increased solar activity, cosmic rays, natural variation, ocean currents, or unidentified natural causes (Haldar, 2010, p. 141). Nevertheless, some of the studies on global warming have contended that the contemporary level of solar activity is at a maximum. This has been conjectured on the basis of sunspot activity and other factors. The Sun’s output can vary, on account of solar activity. Researchers, such as Solanki have held that solar activity for the past 6 to 7 decades could have been the greatest in eight millennia (Haldar, 2010, p. 141). However, they have declared that solar activity is not a significant contributor to the contemporary global warming. In addition, modern science presents its results as probabilistic and statistical data. Thus, there is no certainty, and this increases with the complexity of the phenomena being considered. A

Ethics in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Ethics in Criminal Justice - Essay Example Blagojevich was, ultimately, found guilty of nearly 20 different counts of soliciting bribes, conspiracy to illicit and accept bribes, wire fraud, conspiracy to commit extortion, and attempted extortion.(Davey, and Emma G. Fitzsimmons ) But why does it exist? What causes people within politics to attempt such acts? What can be done to deter and prevent it? In order to get the answers to these questions it is necessary to understand more about corruption in government. Political corruption has a very strict definition, in that it involves political decision makers at high levels of the political system. When the people who are charged with the responsibility of making and upholding the laws are the very people who are corrupt, that is political corruption. It is widely accepted that corruption and the temptation to commit it is highly dependent on a person’s ability to believe they can successfully â€Å"get away with it.† The act of bribery, extortion, selling votes, accepting gifts and kickbacks are all reprehensible behaviors that can undermine the people’s faith in their elected officials. The overall cost of corruption is, also, rather high, and manifest in three typical ways. The first is, is the funds required to finance the bribes to get the favorable treatment , financing meetings, maintaining silence, and negotiating all add cost to whatever endeavor the involved group are attempting to illicit. The second, corruptio n can undermine the efficiency of the free market. Lastly, it can misrepresent resources towards the projects that generate â€Å"payoffs.†(Lanza, 2004) There are two ways that are encouraged to help curtail and deter corruption. The first is eliminating opportunity. Much in the way businesses are working harder and harder to fortify their companies from potential fraud. They structure their company to make the likelihood of successfully succeeding in committing fraud more and more risky to attempt.

Medieval Art :: Essays Papers

Medieval Art As far as I have seen through my research of medieval art, it is the art of the glorious days of kingdoms, knights, huge cathederals and wars. Historicians can not give dates for the medieval period but I understood that it is before renaissance at around 16th century, around 14th and 15th centuries but not before the 10th. Same as other art movements it is inevitably result of the events, beliefs and daily life of the period’s nations. Religion was obviously very important at that time. Many paintings are about Jesus, saints and angels. Frescos and carvings on chappels’ and cathederals’ walls and ceilings are still astonishingly detailed and realistic even for the viewer of our time. Architecture in the medieval is exaggurated. Because it is based on expressing the glory of god and the kings, huge buildings, castles and cathederals are ornamented with big arcs, frescos and carvings (Notre Damme in Paris is a good example). Animals such as lions and imaginary beasts like dragons and gargoyles were obviously popular among those times’ architects and artists. I think the key word for the period is â€Å"gothic† and it is based on ornamentation. I know that medieval art is effected by oriental and islamic art and the usage of ornamentation, dragons, miniature-like paintings are proofs for this. Scripts seem to be popular at medieval ages which I came up with several times in my research. They gave lots of information about the ages because they consisted of gothic lettered writings, ornamentations on the edges of papers, small paintings (generally religious and miniature like) and huge, decorated initials. One thing I noticed in most, maybe all, of the paintings is the lack of motion. A position of a figure or a situation was prefered. Figures seemed to be frozen, there is no feeling of act in art pieces. In paintings brush with ink seem to be most popular. Ornamentation, which I refered to in all of the branches of art at the

Ecn 3000 Homework

Harris ECN 3000 Homework #1b. Use the following information to answer questions 1-13 below. Two countries, Athens and Troy, produce two goods, ships and food, according to the following production functions: 1 ship = 4 capital + 2 labor 1 food = 1 capital + 3 labor. Athens has 200 units of capital and 100 units of labor available to produce ships and food. Troy has 100 units of capital and 150 units of labor available to produce ships and food. 1. Which good is capital intensive in production? Ship 2. Which good is labor intensive in production? Food 3.In which country is capital relatively abundant? Athens 4. In which country is labor relatively abundant? Tory 5. Based on your answers to 1 – 4 and using the Heckscher-Ohlin hypothesis, which country should specialize in the production of which good? Why? According to Heckscher-Ohlin hypothesis, countries will export products that utilize their abundant and cheap factors of production and import products that utilize the countr ies' scarce factors. As I said before, Athens is capital relatively abundant, Tory is labor relatively abundant. When a thing is abundant, it becomes cheap.Thus, Athens should specialize in the production of ship, and Troy should specialize in the production of food. 6. Calculate the limits of production for Athens and Troy. The limits of production for Athens: 200/4=50 ships or 100/3=33 foods. The limits of production for Troy: 100/4=25 ships or 150/3=50 foods. 7. Calculate the domestic terms of trade for Athens and Troy in terms of 1 ship. . 8. Based on your answer to question 7, which country should specialize in the production of which good? Why? Athens’ MRT=0. 66 and Troy’s MRT=2. So we can know Athens has comparative advantage in ship, and Troy has comparative advantage in food.Thus, Athens should specialize in the production of ship, and Troy should specialize in the production of food. 9. Draw the production possibilities curves for each country based on your a nswers to questions 6 and 7. Athens 42 33 PPC CPC 0 25 50 Ships Tory 50 25 CPC PPC 0 25 38 50 Ships 10. Supposing that Athens and Troy agree to trade ships and food at an international terms of trade of 1, what observation can you make about their relative demands for ships and food?Which country experiences the greater gains from trade? 1 ship is exchanged 1 food on condition that they agree to trade ships and food at an international term of trade of 1. Athens should trade 12. 5 ships to Troy, and Troy should trade 8. 5 foods to Athens. Troy will experience the greater gains from trade. 11. Draw the consumption possibilities curve for each country on the same graph you drew for question 9. 12. Suppose Athens wants to consume only 25 ships. How many food will it be able to consume? How many ships and how many food would Troy be able to consume?If Athens wants to consume only 25 ships, 58 foods will it be able to consume. 50 ships, 25 foods should Troy be able to consume. 13. Now, a ssume that only Athens discovers a new technology that allows it to produce ships using 1. 5 capital and 1 labor. What would be the effect on the pattern of trade between the two countries? Explain. Based on your assumption, Athens will decrease the cost of the ships. Then, the limits of production for Athens: 100/1=100 ships or 100/3=33 foods. Athens maybe experiences the greater gains from trade.However, the demand of Troy cannot be ignored. Troy may not consume that many ships. 14. Suppose that instead of trading goods, Athens and Troy decide to trade 50 units of Athens capital for 25 units of Troy’s labor. How would the countries’ relative welfare be affected? If this supposition were true, after Athens and Troy trade capital and labor, they will have same number of capital and labor. Then, the trades between these two countries are unnecessary. They can produce their own goods. ———————– Foods Foods

Abuse of power in Gullivers travels - 1707 Words

Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels presents a narrator, Lemuel Gulliver, who recounts his various sea voyages to fantastical lands. During each voyage, Gulliver encounters different societies and customs to which Gulliver must adjust to. in order to be accepted into their society The entire novel serves as a commentary on how people everywhere have a tendency to abuse the power given to them. Gulliver’s first voyage is to Lilliput. The ship that Gulliver travels on capsizes, and Gulliver finds himself on a strange unknown island. He falls asleep, and upon waking up, Gulliver finds himself surrounded and bound by numerous little people who come to be known as the Lilliputians. Gulliver describes the strange people who bound him as being†¦show more content†¦Goldstein points out that, â€Å"Criticizing institutions and human natures tendency to trust those who wield political authority, Swift condemns our reluctance to safeguard our freedom. Swift expose s submissiveness and its consequence: a loss of liberty,† (iv). Gulliver trusts the Emperor due to the political power he wields without questioning what agreeing to these articles mean for himself. Altogether, these articles which allow Gulliver ‘freedom’, are just a way of further enslaving him, and making sure that Lilliput can abuse the power of Gulliver whenever they so choose. The controversy over the proper way to crack an egg is a way of addressing an abuse of power. A rule was enacted to determine the proper side to crack an egg on after a particular incident: It is allowed on all hands, that the primitive way of breaking Eggs before we eat them, was upon the larger End: But his present Majesty’s Grandfather, while he was a Boy, going to eat an Egg, and breaking it according to the ancient Practice, happened to cut one of his Fingers. Whereupon the Emperor his father published an Edict, commanding all his Subjects, upon great Penaltys, to break the smaller End of their Eggs. (40-41) The manner in which people eat their eggs does not really matter in the grand scheme of things. This incident displays an abuse of power because the Emperor used his power to decree howShow MoreRelatedOroonoko and Gullivers Travels Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesOroonoko and Gulliver’s Travels By Melissa Eason Mrs. Sarbani Bose Eng 232-69 February 18, 2011 Oroonoko and Gulliver’s Travels Gulliver’s Travels and Oroonoko shatter the myth that European culture was more civilized than â€Å"newly discovered† savage countries. The most prominent examples in Oroonoko are their treatment of the slaves and how they are punished. In Gulliver’s Travels the evidence revolves around how petty, destructive, illogical, and unreasonable human beings act. 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Teenage Smokers and Advertisement Essays - 1085 Words

Most smokers start in their teens and for that reason tobacco companies are determined to get them hooked. Many smokers drop the habit each year by either quitting or dying (How Tobacco Advertising Works, 2002). Tobacco companies rely on the constant inflow of new smokers to maintain profits and that is why advertisements especially target the younger generation. For every smoker that quits or dies they depend on new ones to take their place. Young people are perspective customers for many types of products. Young people are interested in practicing their part as consumers and they spend billions of dollars each year doing so. For many companies young people are the single most important factor to maintain or increase†¦show more content†¦In addition to the advertisements published in magazines and daily newspapers they also appeared in weekly entertainment papers, a free, curb- side box magazine available to everyone, making it impossible to control its access to youth. In 2000, Physicians for a Smoke Free Canada found that 20,000 retailers in Canada put in view some type of tobacco advertising and ACNielsen found that 4 in 10 retailers were willing to sell cigarettes to children. (Teen Smoking – Statistics and Prevention, n.d.)Therefore, it is evident that tobacco companies need to give this kind of unrestricted access to teens because the more they see advertisements of cigarettes, the more likely they are to smoke and become regular customers. False advertising is common in tobacco ads. They show beautiful people being â€Å"cool†, independent and rebellious. They target the new insecurities that teens have about appearance and popularity and use those insecurities to make empty promises (Tobacco Advertising and Teens, 2007). Companies use different ways to attract males and females to their products. 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Smoking is comparable to a serial killer; a cigarette acts as the weapon used by tobacco companies and its victims subjecting themselves by their own free will to participate in the crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The governmentsRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 Pagescancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicated that smoking was not only effect on environment, health but also effect on family, society. Introduction In 1868, the smoking advertisements first appeared and Bill Durham became first leading tobacco to advertise at a big scale. Since there, there have been numerous findings about harmful effects of smoking cigarettes. They affect three problems: health, family and environment andRead MoreCigarette Advertisment Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages however, by 1927 cigarette adverts with women smokers began to appear in women’s magazines. In the years that came, brands such as Marlboro, continued to attract the female audience into buying cigarettes by using slogans like ‘’Mild as May’’ and altering the product by printing red filters to hide lipstick stains, which they called ‘’Beauty Tips to Keep the Paper from Your Lips’’ and attracted a lot of women, despite the fact that woman smokers were not socially accepted yet. The Marlboro cigaretteRead MoreTobacco Companies Using Advertising Tactics That Target Teenagers1487 Words   |  6 Pageslimiting their cigarette advertising and becoming a controversial dilemma as to encouraging teenagers to smoke. From billboards to newspaper advertisements, cigarette promotions started becoming part of the American Culture. Tobacco companies started making collection cards, with photographs of models and baseball players, in cigarette packages to encourage new smokers. In 1964, the United States Surgeon General released a report stating that cigarette smoking was causing health hazards. As to American

The Unjust Death of Socrates Essays - 471 Words

The Unjust Death of Socrates The question of why Socrates was executed and if he deserved the charges put against him has been asked by historians for centuries. Socrates has a unique position in the history of philosophy. On one hand he is the most influential on another he is the least known. In his later life he is seen to stalk the streets barefoot, to spite shoemakers. He went about arguing and questioning people and revealing inconsistencies in their beliefs. He began teaching students but never accepted payments for doing so. This was possible because of the inheritance left by his father. Socrates wrote nothing of himself so we are dependent upon the works of both his students and associates who present a view as close to†¦show more content†¦The shaky past of Athens, after the loss of the war against the Spartans and the overthrow of the democracy they loved and fought for caused suspicion in Socrates who had association to Critas, a bloodthirsty tyrant in an oligarchy called the â€Å"Thirty Tyrants† From a harmless town character Socrates influence on the youth of Athens was being questioned. Socrates was brought into the courts under charges of impiety and corruption of minors. Socrates did not believe in the divinities of the city-state. The punishment decided upon was an execution, in the hope that Socrates would choose exile, a punishment that would have satisfied the jury. Socrates takes the death penalty in stride, as a man of almost 70 years he would rather die honorably than waste away in his older years. He claims that he will receive free meals, an honor kept only for athletes who win at the Olympic games. The execution of Socrates is not justified. The charges that were brought against Socrates had taught all his adult life, without molestation, in a state that was well known for its democracy and fairness. The Athenians were not brutal people and executions were rare. Socrates had to drink a poisonous hemlock in order to die, a non-brutal method of death. We must understand Athens past in order to make judgment. I believe that the form of punishment was very extreme in this impressionable city and very uncommon and unalike the portrayed view of the typical Athenian. SocratesShow MoreRelated Recounting the Last Days of Socrates in Crito Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Last Days of Socrates in Crito In the Last Days of Socrates the dialogue â€Å"Crito† recounts Socrates last days before his execution. 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Socrates is at this trial because he has been accused of two things: 1) â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying things in the sky and below the earth; he makes the worse into the stronger argument, and he teaches these same things† (Apology 19b) and 2) â€Å"Socrates is guilty ofRead MoreThe Republic, Socrates And Glaucon1244 Words   |  5 Pages1300 11 September 2014 First Paper In sections 433-445 of The Republic , Socrates and Glaucon discuss about definitions and properties of both justice and injustice, with reference to the structure and condition of an ideal city with absolute justice. Considering the properties of justice and injustice, they conclude that just lives, even without anything desirable, are better than any other unjust lives. To start off, Socrates discusses about a just city where three kinds of people (rulers, defendersRead MoreThe Overlooked Gift of Knowledge823 Words   |  4 Pagesin history was put to death. This man was not only extremely wise, but also highly influential. He was a leader of the highest caliber. This is Socrates, arguably one of the most prominent men in philosophical history. Socrates is a figure of evolution, when referring to the way people think. He was sentenced to death by the Athenians for corrupting the youth, not believing in the gods recognized by the state, and for introducing supernatural beings. The Athenians were unjust in in their convictionRead MoreComparing Socrates And King : On Civil Disobedience1346 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Socrates and King: On Civil Disobedience Socrates, amongst the most influential thinkers to emerge from Greek civilization and, perhaps the most noble and wisest Athenian to have ever lived, many centuries before Christ, is noted for not writing anything himself as all that is known about his philosophical thought is through the writings of Xenophon and Plato. By contrast, Martin Luther King Jr. lived in the nineteenth century wherein his main legacy was to secure progress on African AmericanRead MoreSocrates in Apology and Crito1045 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The irreverent, disobedient Socrates of the Apology is inconsistent with the Socrates of the Crito.† Construct an argument supporting or refuting this claim. Be sure to incorporate textual evidence. In Plato’s Apology, Socrates comes off as a defiant and disobedient man with little respect for his accusers and even for the jurors on whom his fate depends. This may seem in stark contrast with the stoic Socrates in Crito who would rather accept the death sentence than let his friend Crito helpRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Socrates : The Idea Of Civil Disobedience942 Words   |  4 Pagesopposes certain superior ideals. Martin Luther King Jr. and Socrates have different opinions towards civil disobedience and how they should react toward laws that are unfair. I agree with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s tactic for civil disobedience just as I agree that steps must be taken to reform the laws that we find unjust. However, I do agree with Socrates on why we should follow the law but if no one ever challenged the laws then some old unjust laws would still be set in place today. In Crito, thereRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1223 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† emphasizes the need for civil disobedience when faced with unjust laws. This idea contradicts Socrates’ claim made in Crito, that one must follow the law under all circumstances. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not a proponent of civil disobedience based on King’s definition of civil disobedience and Socrates’ charges. Moreover, I will argue that both Socrates and King disagree with one another based on the concept of civil disobedience—breaking the

Covey 7 Habits Analysis Free Essays

string(32) " when relating to your members\." I have always been a firm believer that there are many different types of leaders. To be a leader you must have natural ability, and have the ability to listen and grow. Being in many leadership roles and positions has helped me to become the best person that I can be. We will write a custom essay sample on Covey 7 Habits Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking at leadership and management however opened my eyes to a new concept. I had never before realized how much the two go hand in hand. I feel the two words are synonymous in some aspects. My Leadership and Management style helped me to realize what kind of natural skills I have as a leader, and what kind of defined skills I have as a manager. My â€Å"Lamp† chart really was split between the two entities. I always thought that I was much more of a leader than a manager. Come to find out I have skills in both sides that compliment one another. My Leadership style consists of many components, but the main two are my creating abilities and my empowering abilities. I feel that these two are the natural traits that I have, and they are things that I have expanded on the more I learn about others, and myself. I have always been a creative person, the one with the ideas and new concepts. This has allowed me to be an effective leader in my positions to find other ways to do things, and to be successful at implementing new ideas. I also have the ability to empower those around me. What this means is to get people excited and willing to do whatever it takes to accomplish the goal or task we may face. I do this by believing in those around me and giving others the tools they need to lead themselves. My management style however is a bit different. I believe management skills are learned unlike leadership traits. Through the positions I have held on campus, in high school, an in the work place I have learned to become more responsible and in turn some vital managerial skills. Through my â€Å"LAMP† I have come to realize my top two managerial skills are organization, and I am very job centered. I have not always been an organized person, and still believe that there is much room for improvement. With that being said my organizational skills have vastly improved while in college and it is due to the roles I have had within clubs and organizations, and most importantly my fraternity. Organization didn’t come easy for me, but I realized to become an effective manager I needed to be organized, this directly translates to being an effective leader as well. Poor organization can lead to loss of credibility and that is something I try to stay away from. I am also very job centered. This means I like to know what needs to be done, by whom, and with a set date. If I have all of that I am able to delegate and get jobs finished in a timely manner. Being job centered really means I like to have defined roles. Who’s doing what is a big deal for me, especially in managerial and leadership positions. Now the question is are Leadership and Management the same? I think not. There is a reason that the two are separated on the test. Both Leadership and Management skills are vital when taking any role or position of power. The differences lie in how you take charge and take control. Leadership skills I feel are things you are born with. Leaders also are people who are highly revered, someone who you look up to or want to be. While Managerial skills can be taught if enough hard work and effort is put in. Yet managers sometimes are not revered as a role model because for the most part they tend to be your boss and make less of a personnel connection. This is why I feel having defined skills in both areas can make you the most effective person you can be. Being a great leader allows you to connect with people, excite people, and build credibility. While being a good manager means you delegate well, you stay organized and on task, and you oversee/stay on top of those whom you are managing. According to Kotter in the article What Leaders Do â€Å"Management is about coping with complexity. Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change. † Good management is what keeps chaos from occurring. Kotter talks about how management is a major component in consistency and profitability if we look at it from a business aspect. This article describes how management is all about the complexities and how to good managers cope. â€Å"More change always demands more leadership. † (pg.. 86 Kotter. ) Things are ever changing today. This is why leadership as a practice has now become so important. Kotter talks about the abilities of leaders to run with the change and make things work with little room for discrepancy or chaos. A good leader is someone who can roll with the punches, figure out a new plan of action, and take charge all at once. Leadership is something that takes courage to make the tough decisions when something arises. The two styles although different do go hand in hand. When looking at Leadership and Management in relation to the Greek community we see how vital it is to have students who exemplify both qualities. When obtaining a Leadership role within a Fraternity or a Sorority you are taking a lot of responsibility. To run a Greek house you must have the support and respect from all members, otherwise you can accomplish nothing. Fraternities and Sororities were built on the basis that we share the same goals and aspirations, it is the Leaders job to remind everyone that so they are able to carry on together. Leadership skills also come in handy when relating to your members. You read "Covey 7 Habits Analysis" in category "Essay examples" If you approach them as a manager instead of their leader they may lose that connection with you. With that being said the Managerial side of running a Chapter also is very important. I like to think of this as the work side. When managing a Greek house you must always be on top of the logistical or behind the scenes work that many members never really get a chance to see, whether it be connecting with nationals, working with housing corp. , or going to IFC meetings. This is where being a manager plays a big role because with all of this work organizational skills, delegation, and planning all must take place otherwise mayhem could occur. Once things get out of hand it is hard to pull them back, that is why staying on top of everything as a manager is just as important as being the leader that everyone wants to follow. Another way to look at leadership and management in daily life is Stephen Covey’s book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. The book looks at how to be the most effective person you can be. The steps you need to take to do so is also a major component in the book. The 7 Habits prepares you to change your outlook on what it really means to be effective, and in turn what it takes to be a leader. Habit one is Be Proactive. Sounds pretty self-explanatory but when you look more in depth you can really learn a lot from this habit. Being proactive is the root to being effective. It is the first step away from dependence towards independence. Being proactive means taking initiative, getting things done, and overall taking control of your life. When you become proactive you take responsibility for your choices. You learn what it means to really take accountability and get things done. Being proactive really is all about getting yourself to do what needs to be done and being accountable for that. I have personally seen myself start to be more proactive the older I get. I was a huge procrastinator when I was younger and was always rushing to get things done. Now by being more proactive I have found time to do others things and take on more responsibilities as a leader. Habit two is, begin with an end in mind. This boils down to setting goals. Whenever starting a project or taking something over know what you want to achieve when you begin. This is very important in measuring success. If you have a goal you have a target you are trying to reach. The more solidified the goal the more prepared you can become while trying to achieve it. To begin with an end in mind is like setting a personal goal or mission statement that can be applied to everything that you do, thus knowing what you can and want to achieve. I find habit two extremely insightful. I have always been an activator, someone who loves to start things and get them off the ground, my problem sometimes is once I start I don’t know where to go. This habit is really on that I connected with because I feel it can help me solidify what I want to do and where I want to go when starting any project in my life. Habit three is put first things first. In other words it is to prioritize by importance rather than urgency. Many times people get caught up and procrastinate, leaving them behind and always rushing to catch up on due dates. In the book there is a chart called the time management matrix, which shows four quadrants. The ideal quadrant is two, if you are living in this quadrant you have your priorities in check and have some free time to enjoy life. Most people however live in quadrant one, which is crisis management and never having free time because of poor pre planning. I find this habit to be one of the more difficult ones to live by. In my â€Å"LAMP† planning was my lowest strength on the management side. I struggle with putting first things first because sometimes I literally do not put first things first. This is something since reading the seven habits that I know I need to work on for my own leadership and management needs. Habit four is think win-win. This chapter explains all the different types of people that are out there. It explains that some people are out there only working for the good of themselves and do not care if they push anyone down to get where they want. This chapter focuses on looking at life from the perspective of win-win. Therefore everyone is no worse off than before. If we always went into a deal looking for the best option for both parties then things would run a lot smoother. This habit teaches us that making the right call and doing the right thing will propel you further than if you are only looking out for your own self interest and nothing else. I feel that I am pretty acclimated with this habit. I have always been the type to seek mutual agreements on deals or trades. I feel that by both parties becoming better off there is more room for working together or trading again in the future. Someone who only looks out for themselves will end up burning many bridges and will have no one to rely on soon enough. Habit Five is seek first to understand, then to be understood. This means to listen to someone, really listen to someone. Habit five is all about understanding someone, fully listening and caring about what they say. In turn they will do the same for you. Empathetic listening is key when connecting and seeing where someone is coming from. This is a great characteristic to have as a leader. When someone feels like they are really being heard, then they will make a conscious effort to hear you out. This will in turn create an environment of complete unity and will make it that much easier to get things done when you can see from others points of views and they can see from yours. I feel that I have been getting better at understanding first then seeking to be understood. Many times during the beginning of my Presidency I would try to be heard first, what I noticed is that nobody listens when all you want is to be heard. Everybody has a voice and those voices need to have the opportunity to share. Once I learned this many people who I had never even connected with much before my term started coming to me for daily advice because I would actually listen to them. In turn I found myself with a mass support system within the house. Habit Six, Synergize. To combine the strengths of everyone in the group for cohesive and effective teamwork is what synergy is all about. You can also use synergy to bring all seven habits together as well. Once you can figure out a way to make them all work then the habits almost condense into one proactive effective lifestyle. To truly understand synergism you must understand and trust the process. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts is a great way to think about synergism. Working to combine the best attributes of people into one is very hard to do but with synergy you must trust others and trust yourself. Synergy can even be related to work, using synergistic energy to bring new ideas and methods is vital to keep things moving and to renew. I feel that because of my Leadership studies minor I have been able to see strengths in people and work together with them implementing my strengths to maximize the potential of the group and do the best job that we can. I also noticed that working as a team and feeding off of others ideas really gets the engines going, creating a better work environment and creating healthy competition. Habit 7, Sharpen the Saw. This is taking a step back, viewing where you are, your goals, and life and really taking the time to meditate and think of how you are effective, and more importantly how you can become even more effective. When you â€Å"Sharpen the Saw† you are taking the time to focus on you. This can even be things like working on your physical health and mental well being. This is very important because if you feel tired, overworked, or stressed it is time to re-evaluate everything and have a plan to better yourself. I like to think of sharpening the saw as if I am looking at my effectiveness and goals from an outsiders view and how I can grow to become a better leader. I feel that I do not take enough time to do this. , partially because I do not manage my time as well as I would like to, to really evaluate myself and how I am doing. I do find it is really difficult to revisit my strengths and weaknesses and how to improve them because I am too worried about how everyone else is doing. When looking at the seven habits and the move from dependence, to independence, and ultimately interdependence I see how the seven habits can really be effective. I found that the seven habits, if utilized correctly can really change your life. The book however in my opinion goes too in-depth about how to use the habits. I feel that it could be condensed, giving more information about the habit itself, and less about how to live your life. The habits should be interpreted by each person from their own standpoint because everyone will use them differently. The part of the book I connected with most was the circle of concern and the circle of influence. This really hit the nail on the head for me. I find myself worried about too much instead of figuring out ways to use my influence to change them. If I was less concerned, and more influential the problems I face would not be there in the first place. This is something I have tried to work on ever since reading Covey’s book. I also have become more aware of myself. Habit 7 opened my eyes to the fact that I really do need to take care of myself more. By doing this I can effectively use the other six habits to my advantage. Overall I found the habits to be a guide for how to not only be a leader, but how to live life. The habits themselves are great tools to use in a leadership position or to just become a better person. The habits paired with my strengths and my management styles really all coincide. Now I just need to take what I know, take a step back and see how I can apply it to my everyday routine. I want to live like my favorite quote says, â€Å"Don’t count the days, make the days count. † Muhammad Ali. The only way to make the days count is hard work, effort, and the application of my strengths and the seven habits. How to cite Covey 7 Habits Analysis, Essay examples

Group Development Project

Questions: What should you do when you have competed this assessment with the required pass mark? Approximately how long is the induction period? What happens if the induction process fails? Which GDP team members (s) should communicate with the GDP Supervisor in the first instance? The Complete design specifications of the system you are to develop during the GDP are found? The teams communication log should be started? What is the final product of the GDP? You have just submitted Stage 2 of the project. you should move on to Stage 3 when ---------------- is/are satisfied that the team is ready to continue? Having submitted a GDP deliverable, you obtain the clients signoff by -------------------- the supervisor and client use the same criteria when marking GDP submissions is this True or False? For the purposes of the GDP a project has? All project has resource constraints who is unable to help with any problems in designing the system solution? A cost benefit analysis (economic feasibility) of the proposed solutions? Which of the following tool can be used as a scheduling tools for project? The mandatory performance progress reports made during the project must? AGDP team first progress report and review occurs? A good Executive Summary in a system proposal document? Who receives the revised and completely finished deliverables? What involves looking into a problem and reporting back to the client on what alternative recommendations can be made on potential solutions that will fix the problem? Effective team members should? Answers: 1. When I will get this assignment complete with pass marks, I will go through the whole assignment completely in order to find out what further modifications can be done for enhancing the quality of the assignment further and gaining more marks in the future. Moreover, I will identify the mistakes I have done in the assignment and I will try to rectify them so that my assignment will be flawless to the best of my knowledge. Again, during the course of my assignment, I will gather a lot of knowledge regarding the topics covered and I will be able to implement the knowledge in the future if I manage to obtain pass marks in this assignment. 2. Approximately, the induction period will be about 45 hours. In this period, we will learn to do an effective teamwork in order to complete the tasks allotted to us during the course of the study. We will also learn to divide the tasks between us so that everyone can take part in the assignment effectively. In this period, we will also learn how to approach difficult and complex tasks that cannot be done by regular means. We will learn new techniques that will be helpful in solving these kinds of complex tasks and problems. Finally, we will learn how to help the other team members if they face some difficulties during the assignment as well as find new techniques for solving the tasks in the assignment. 3.The induction process is extremely vital for deciding the direction of the assignment done by us. In the induction period, we will be given trainings on the approach needed for the assignment and teamwork. Hence, if the induction process fails, we may not be able to complete the assignment within the allotted timeline or we may not be able to complete it at all. Moreover, if we face problems during the course of the assignment, we will not be able to solve them due to the failure of the induction process. Hence, the success of the induction process will be necessary and we have to make sure we gather maximum knowledge from the process to make the induction process a successful one. 4. In the first instance, the GDP manager and the team leader(s) should communicate with the GDP supervisor. The duty of the GDP manager is to manage all the activities going on within the assignment and he is responsible for communicating with the GDP supervisor in case of queries or providing progress reports of the involved team members as well as the assignment / project. The team leaders are responsible for monitoring the progress of the team members during the project as well as guiding them in the right way. Hence, they should also regularly contact GDP supervisor in order to notify the progress of the team members and any shortcomings faced by the students during the project. 5. In the project, we will not have to develop or implement a complete system. However, we have to work on the design and develop a design proposal in which the system design details will have to be documented. Hence, during the GDP, we have to develop the design proposal and at the end of the project, we will have to provide complete design specifications of the system. 6. The teams communication log should be started at the beginning of the GDP, i.e. even before the induction period. This is necessary because the project itself has been designed so that the team members can communicate with and help each other for completing all the tasks effectively and within a specified timeline. However, the nature of communication between the team members must be monitored in order to avoid any unwanted controversy. Hence, the communication log will be an integral part of the project. 7. The final product of the GDP will be enhanced technical and team membership skills of each of the students taking part. The main objective of the GDP is to enhance the skills of students so that they are able to apply their knowledge and technical skills in the project as well as help others within the team. The students are expected to work as a team in the project so that all the problems within the project are solved and the project is completed within the specified timeline. Moreover, the goal of GDP is to further enhance the technical skills of the student. Hence, the final products of GDP will be enhanced knowledge of the students, perfect teamwork during the course of the assignment and the completion of the project with successful results within the specified timeline. 8. We will move on to Stage 3 of the project when the GDP manager is satisfied with the results and the GDP supervisor is pleased with the direction of the projec 9. Client signoff is obtained after the feedbacks are incorporated within the project document. After the complete project report is provided to the clients, they go through the report and send feedbacks regarding some minor or major changes necessary in the project. After these changes are done and documented, if the clients are satisfied, they provide the client signoff. 10. The statement is false, the supervisor and the client do not use the same criteria when marking GDP submissions. The supervisor analyzes the project requirements and marks the GDP on the basis of the requirements met in the project. However, the client marks the GDP on the basis of his own requirements met in the project. There are some cases when the basic requirements of the project are all successfully met but the client is not satisfied as his own requirements have still not been met. In these cases, the project team has to make necessary changes and provide the best system for the client. 11. The purpose of GDP in the project is develop communication and teamwork skills of the students. Another main purpose of the GDP is to enhance the skills of students so that they are able to apply their knowledge and technical skills in the project as well as help others within the team. The students are expected to work as a team in the project so that all the problems within the project are solved and the project is completed within the specified timeline. 12. Every project has resource constraints. There are some cases when some constraints cannot be solved by even the higher authorities. Hence, before starting the project, constraint analysis is necessary. During this phase, all the possible constraints should be analyzed and plans should be prepared so that these constraints can be solved in due course. During the project, if a constraint appears, the higher authority should be notified immediately if any help is required for solving these constraints. 13. A cost benefit analysis is necessary in any project to determine the feasibility of the proposed system. We should only proceed with the systems that will have high cost benefit as well as high feasibility. A sample cost benefit analysis table is given below: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment Construction Cost $230,000.00 Furniture Cost $35,000.00 Staff Wage $18,000.00 Others $60,000.00 Total $343,000.00 Cash Inflow $740,000.00 $814,000.00 $895,400.00 $984,940.00 $1,083,434.00 Discount factor @ 6% 0.983 0.86 0.84 0.752 0.717 Present value $727,420.00 $700,040.00 $752,136.00 $740,674.88 $776,822.18 Total Present Value $3,697,093.06 Net Present Value $3,354,093.06 Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment Construction Cost $230,000.00 Furniture Cost $35,000.00 Staff Wage $18,000.00 Others $60,000.00 Total $343,000.00 Cash Inflow $740,000.00 $814,000.00 $895,400.00 $984,940.00 $1,083,434.00 Cumulative Cash flow ($60,000.00) $680,000.00 $1,494,000.00 $2,389,400.00 $3,374,340.00 $4,457,774.00 Payback period 1.835380835 years Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment Construction Cost $230,000.00 Furniture Cost $35,000.00 Staff Wage $18,000.00 Others $60,000.00 Total $343,000.00 Cash Inflow $740,000.00 $814,000.00 $895,400.00 $984,940.00 $1,083,434.00 Total return $4,517,774.00 Return on investment 7529.62% 14. The scheduling tool to be used for the project should be able to identify the perquisites and priorities of the project. The tool should also be able to identify the time required by the team members to complete the tasks within the project. After analyzing all the requirements, the tool will create a project schedule that should be followed by the team members. 15. The mandatory performance progress reports made during the project must have detailed information about the progress of all the team members involved in the project. Moreover, the individual skills and contributions should also be documented within the performance project report. This will enable the supervisor to identify the students who will need further guidance with the project tasks. 16. GDP first progress report and review are necessary in order to analyze the direction of the project. The GDP supervisor is responsible for both the tasks. He will analyze whether the project is going the right direction and all the tasks can be completed within the specified timeline. Moreover, he will add some additional inputs that can be useful for enhancing the quality of the project. This occurs after the initial period of the project. 17. The purpose of an executive summary is to provide a compact summary of the whole project. This summary should contain all the significant points of the project within a limited word count. In a system proposal document, the executive summary should contain the system deliverables as well as the processes that will be followed during the course of the project. A good executive summary should have all these points and the client will be able to understand the whole project by reading just the executive summary. 18. The client receives revised and completely finished deliverables. This is to ensure all the requirements of the client can be met in the project. In the initial deliverables, the team members will notify the clients regarding what can be done to meet the requirements of the project. After that, the client may or may not demand any further changes. Finally, after incorporating the changes, the revised and final deliverables are sent to the client for approval. 19. One alternative solution for the specific problem will be to analyze the requirements clearly before the start of the project. After the analysis, all the requirements should be clear to the team members. When the requirements are clear, the team members should make a new document for the task deliverables and send it to the client. If the client approved the deliverables, the team members should start working on the project. This way, the verification by the clients after the completion of the project will be no longer required. 20. Effective team members should be able to help the other team members in case problems arise and they are unable to solve them alone. 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