Teenage Smokers and Advertisement Essays - 1085 Words

Most smokers start in their teens and for that reason tobacco companies are determined to get them hooked. Many smokers drop the habit each year by either quitting or dying (How Tobacco Advertising Works, 2002). Tobacco companies rely on the constant inflow of new smokers to maintain profits and that is why advertisements especially target the younger generation. For every smoker that quits or dies they depend on new ones to take their place. Young people are perspective customers for many types of products. Young people are interested in practicing their part as consumers and they spend billions of dollars each year doing so. For many companies young people are the single most important factor to maintain or increase†¦show more content†¦In addition to the advertisements published in magazines and daily newspapers they also appeared in weekly entertainment papers, a free, curb- side box magazine available to everyone, making it impossible to control its access to youth. In 2000, Physicians for a Smoke Free Canada found that 20,000 retailers in Canada put in view some type of tobacco advertising and ACNielsen found that 4 in 10 retailers were willing to sell cigarettes to children. (Teen Smoking – Statistics and Prevention, n.d.)Therefore, it is evident that tobacco companies need to give this kind of unrestricted access to teens because the more they see advertisements of cigarettes, the more likely they are to smoke and become regular customers. False advertising is common in tobacco ads. They show beautiful people being â€Å"cool†, independent and rebellious. They target the new insecurities that teens have about appearance and popularity and use those insecurities to make empty promises (Tobacco Advertising and Teens, 2007). Companies use different ways to attract males and females to their products. For young women they will often give ideas of feeling in control and use words like â€Å"slim† or â€Å"slender† or use very thin models to cause insecurities about body image. For young men advertisers use independent, tough, masculine looking models who are usually shown playing sports or some outdoor activity and surrounded by womenShow MoreRelated Teenage Smoking Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Smoking When I went to visit my grandmother in the hospital, she was critically ill. I heard the doctor say that she would have a much better chance of survival if she had not been a smoker most of her life. I made the decision then that I would not smoke. Every day more than 3,000 teenagers become regular smokers. That number translates to more than 1 million teenagers a year. About one third of them will eventually die from a tobacco-related disease. Cigarettes kill more than 400Read MoreAn Advertisement For Camel Cigarettes863 Words   |  4 PagesImagine flipping through an Us Weekly magazine in 2014. All the hot gossip is spread out and the new celebrity fashion blossoms with the colors of the current season. As the page turns an advertisement for Camel cigarettes comes into sight. There’s a hue of â€Å"blues† giving off a calm background for a bold smoky title; CAMEL. Three pictures hold center stage to tell a story. The beginning is â€Å"passionate† with a match sparking a dancing flame of vibrant yellow, orange, and red. The inferno moves alongRead MorePreventing Teens And Preteens From Tobacco Use927 Words   |  4 Pagespreteens to become smoker or nonsmoker. Teens and preteens like to get acceptance among their peers and friends and they highly value their friendship. To avoid rejection by their peers and to look cool or to experiment they will start smoking. The study also show teens that had at least two friends who smoked were more likely to become random smokers than those friends did not smoke. These teens are ten times more likely, than others to change from random smoker to daily smokers. It is easy to getRead MoreUnderage Smoking And The United States Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pageshealth of smokers and other people around them. According to the American Lung Association, â€Å"smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S.† (Health Effect, 2015). It causes over 438,000 deaths per year. Secondhand smoke is a serious health hazard for people of all ages, causing almost one tenth of the smoking death each year (Leatherdale et al, 2011). Although underage smoking might not cause an immediate and obvious health problem, in the future, it will hurt the smokers as well asRead MoreEssay on Smoking in America1122 Words   |  5 Pagesportrayed in such a way that it is attractive to the public but does not warn about its harmful effects. The media also targets children and teenagers with cartoon advertisements and by putting them in areas that are attractive you young minds. Tobacco companies recognize the harmful effects of their products, but deny that their advertisements play any part in creating a desire to smoke. William Hobbs, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Chief Executive Officer, explains, â€Å"Advertising played no part in encouragingRead MoreTelevision And The Internet Advertising1427 Words   |  6 Pagesof the readers. I choose two advertisements that warn people not to smoke the marijuana. The two advertisements are on the office of the National Drug Control Policy advertisement, and the other is an â€Å"above the influence. The two sites have different audiences with the latter have more appeal for the youths. The two ads are trying to warn the people against smoking weed. The office of the National Drug Control Policy advertisement uses pathos strategy in appealingRead More Teenage Smoking in Canada Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a society where it is not unusual to see a ten year old child smoking a cigarette in public, where large tobacco companies sponsor all big sporting events and where smoking advertisements are everywhere you look, how can it be understood that what is going on is a form of suicide. Smoking is comparable to a serial killer; a cigarette acts as the weapon used by tobacco companies and its victims subjecting themselves by their own free will to participate in the crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The governmentsRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 Pagescancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicated that smoking was not only effect on environment, health but also effect on family, society. Introduction In 1868, the smoking advertisements first appeared and Bill Durham became first leading tobacco to advertise at a big scale. Since there, there have been numerous findings about harmful effects of smoking cigarettes. They affect three problems: health, family and environment andRead MoreCigarette Advertisment Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages however, by 1927 cigarette adverts with women smokers began to appear in women’s magazines. In the years that came, brands such as Marlboro, continued to attract the female audience into buying cigarettes by using slogans like ‘’Mild as May’’ and altering the product by printing red filters to hide lipstick stains, which they called ‘’Beauty Tips to Keep the Paper from Your Lips’’ and attracted a lot of women, despite the fact that woman smokers were not socially accepted yet. The Marlboro cigaretteRead MoreTobacco Companies Using Advertising Tactics That Target Teenagers1487 Words   |  6 Pageslimiting their cigarette advertising and becoming a controversial dilemma as to encouraging teenagers to smoke. From billboards to newspaper advertisements, cigarette promotions started becoming part of the American Culture. Tobacco companies started making collection cards, with photographs of models and baseball players, in cigarette packages to encourage new smokers. In 1964, the United States Surgeon General released a report stating that cigarette smoking was causing health hazards. As to American

The Unjust Death of Socrates Essays - 471 Words

The Unjust Death of Socrates The question of why Socrates was executed and if he deserved the charges put against him has been asked by historians for centuries. Socrates has a unique position in the history of philosophy. On one hand he is the most influential on another he is the least known. In his later life he is seen to stalk the streets barefoot, to spite shoemakers. He went about arguing and questioning people and revealing inconsistencies in their beliefs. He began teaching students but never accepted payments for doing so. This was possible because of the inheritance left by his father. Socrates wrote nothing of himself so we are dependent upon the works of both his students and associates who present a view as close to†¦show more content†¦The shaky past of Athens, after the loss of the war against the Spartans and the overthrow of the democracy they loved and fought for caused suspicion in Socrates who had association to Critas, a bloodthirsty tyrant in an oligarchy called the â€Å"Thirty Tyrants† From a harmless town character Socrates influence on the youth of Athens was being questioned. Socrates was brought into the courts under charges of impiety and corruption of minors. Socrates did not believe in the divinities of the city-state. The punishment decided upon was an execution, in the hope that Socrates would choose exile, a punishment that would have satisfied the jury. Socrates takes the death penalty in stride, as a man of almost 70 years he would rather die honorably than waste away in his older years. He claims that he will receive free meals, an honor kept only for athletes who win at the Olympic games. The execution of Socrates is not justified. The charges that were brought against Socrates had taught all his adult life, without molestation, in a state that was well known for its democracy and fairness. The Athenians were not brutal people and executions were rare. Socrates had to drink a poisonous hemlock in order to die, a non-brutal method of death. We must understand Athens past in order to make judgment. I believe that the form of punishment was very extreme in this impressionable city and very uncommon and unalike the portrayed view of the typical Athenian. SocratesShow MoreRelated Recounting the Last Days of Socrates in Crito Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Last Days of Socrates in Crito In the Last Days of Socrates the dialogue â€Å"Crito† recounts Socrates last days before his execution. Socrates had been accused of corrupting the youth and not worshipping the Gods of the state. During his trial he denied all accusations and attempted to defend himself by proving his innocence using reason . He was judged to be guilty and given a death sentence. His long time friend Crito proposes to Socrates a plan to escape from his death sentence in prisonRead MoreThe Reconciliation Of Two Positions1696 Words   |  7 Pagesmost prominent individuals in history, Socrates not only helped to set up the foundations for Western philosophy, but the legacy he left behind is something that is still being discussed today by historians and philosophers alike. Socrates is renowned for standing up for his beliefs even in the midst of death as portrayed in Plato’s account of Socrates’ defense speech, Apology, in which he gave during his 339 B.C. trial. It is in this e minent speech that Socrates is able show the dedication he has forRead MorePlato and Socrates Anthology Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates Anthology and Plato Plato: I: Apology 1. What are the charges brought against Socrates by his Athenian accusers and what is his reply concerning the sort of wisdom he in fact possesses? The charges that were brought against Socrates were corrupting the young and Impiety. Socrates says â€Å"If you ask me what kind of wisdom, I reply, wisdom such as may perhaps be attained by man, for to that extent I am inclined to believe that I am wise; Whereas the persons of whom I was speaking have aRead MoreThe Apology Is Plato s Retelling Of Socrates s Trail1599 Words   |  7 Pageshe portrays Socrates as a confident, but almost haughty, and reasonable man. The main philosophical themes that Plato presents through Socrates are wisdom, justice, and his purpose in the community. Socrates is at this trial because he has been accused of two things: 1) â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying things in the sky and below the earth; he makes the worse into the stronger argument, and he teaches these same things† (Apology 19b) and 2) â€Å"Socrates is guilty ofRead MoreThe Republic, Socrates And Glaucon1244 Words   |  5 Pages1300 11 September 2014 First Paper In sections 433-445 of The Republic , Socrates and Glaucon discuss about definitions and properties of both justice and injustice, with reference to the structure and condition of an ideal city with absolute justice. Considering the properties of justice and injustice, they conclude that just lives, even without anything desirable, are better than any other unjust lives. To start off, Socrates discusses about a just city where three kinds of people (rulers, defendersRead MoreThe Overlooked Gift of Knowledge823 Words   |  4 Pagesin history was put to death. This man was not only extremely wise, but also highly influential. He was a leader of the highest caliber. This is Socrates, arguably one of the most prominent men in philosophical history. Socrates is a figure of evolution, when referring to the way people think. He was sentenced to death by the Athenians for corrupting the youth, not believing in the gods recognized by the state, and for introducing supernatural beings. The Athenians were unjust in in their convictionRead MoreComparing Socrates And King : On Civil Disobedience1346 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Socrates and King: On Civil Disobedience Socrates, amongst the most influential thinkers to emerge from Greek civilization and, perhaps the most noble and wisest Athenian to have ever lived, many centuries before Christ, is noted for not writing anything himself as all that is known about his philosophical thought is through the writings of Xenophon and Plato. By contrast, Martin Luther King Jr. lived in the nineteenth century wherein his main legacy was to secure progress on African AmericanRead MoreSocrates in Apology and Crito1045 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The irreverent, disobedient Socrates of the Apology is inconsistent with the Socrates of the Crito.† Construct an argument supporting or refuting this claim. Be sure to incorporate textual evidence. In Plato’s Apology, Socrates comes off as a defiant and disobedient man with little respect for his accusers and even for the jurors on whom his fate depends. This may seem in stark contrast with the stoic Socrates in Crito who would rather accept the death sentence than let his friend Crito helpRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Socrates : The Idea Of Civil Disobedience942 Words   |  4 Pagesopposes certain superior ideals. Martin Luther King Jr. and Socrates have different opinions towards civil disobedience and how they should react toward laws that are unfair. I agree with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s tactic for civil disobedience just as I agree that steps must be taken to reform the laws that we find unjust. However, I do agree with Socrates on why we should follow the law but if no one ever challenged the laws then some old unjust laws would still be set in place today. In Crito, thereRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1223 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† emphasizes the need for civil disobedience when faced with unjust laws. This idea contradicts Socrates’ claim made in Crito, that one must follow the law under all circumstances. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not a proponent of civil disobedience based on King’s definition of civil disobedience and Socrates’ charges. Moreover, I will argue that both Socrates and King disagree with one another based on the concept of civil disobedience—breaking the

Covey 7 Habits Analysis Free Essays

string(32) " when relating to your members\." I have always been a firm believer that there are many different types of leaders. To be a leader you must have natural ability, and have the ability to listen and grow. Being in many leadership roles and positions has helped me to become the best person that I can be. We will write a custom essay sample on Covey 7 Habits Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking at leadership and management however opened my eyes to a new concept. I had never before realized how much the two go hand in hand. I feel the two words are synonymous in some aspects. My Leadership and Management style helped me to realize what kind of natural skills I have as a leader, and what kind of defined skills I have as a manager. My â€Å"Lamp† chart really was split between the two entities. I always thought that I was much more of a leader than a manager. Come to find out I have skills in both sides that compliment one another. My Leadership style consists of many components, but the main two are my creating abilities and my empowering abilities. I feel that these two are the natural traits that I have, and they are things that I have expanded on the more I learn about others, and myself. I have always been a creative person, the one with the ideas and new concepts. This has allowed me to be an effective leader in my positions to find other ways to do things, and to be successful at implementing new ideas. I also have the ability to empower those around me. What this means is to get people excited and willing to do whatever it takes to accomplish the goal or task we may face. I do this by believing in those around me and giving others the tools they need to lead themselves. My management style however is a bit different. I believe management skills are learned unlike leadership traits. Through the positions I have held on campus, in high school, an in the work place I have learned to become more responsible and in turn some vital managerial skills. Through my â€Å"LAMP† I have come to realize my top two managerial skills are organization, and I am very job centered. I have not always been an organized person, and still believe that there is much room for improvement. With that being said my organizational skills have vastly improved while in college and it is due to the roles I have had within clubs and organizations, and most importantly my fraternity. Organization didn’t come easy for me, but I realized to become an effective manager I needed to be organized, this directly translates to being an effective leader as well. Poor organization can lead to loss of credibility and that is something I try to stay away from. I am also very job centered. This means I like to know what needs to be done, by whom, and with a set date. If I have all of that I am able to delegate and get jobs finished in a timely manner. Being job centered really means I like to have defined roles. Who’s doing what is a big deal for me, especially in managerial and leadership positions. Now the question is are Leadership and Management the same? I think not. There is a reason that the two are separated on the test. Both Leadership and Management skills are vital when taking any role or position of power. The differences lie in how you take charge and take control. Leadership skills I feel are things you are born with. Leaders also are people who are highly revered, someone who you look up to or want to be. While Managerial skills can be taught if enough hard work and effort is put in. Yet managers sometimes are not revered as a role model because for the most part they tend to be your boss and make less of a personnel connection. This is why I feel having defined skills in both areas can make you the most effective person you can be. Being a great leader allows you to connect with people, excite people, and build credibility. While being a good manager means you delegate well, you stay organized and on task, and you oversee/stay on top of those whom you are managing. According to Kotter in the article What Leaders Do â€Å"Management is about coping with complexity. Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change. † Good management is what keeps chaos from occurring. Kotter talks about how management is a major component in consistency and profitability if we look at it from a business aspect. This article describes how management is all about the complexities and how to good managers cope. â€Å"More change always demands more leadership. † (pg.. 86 Kotter. ) Things are ever changing today. This is why leadership as a practice has now become so important. Kotter talks about the abilities of leaders to run with the change and make things work with little room for discrepancy or chaos. A good leader is someone who can roll with the punches, figure out a new plan of action, and take charge all at once. Leadership is something that takes courage to make the tough decisions when something arises. The two styles although different do go hand in hand. When looking at Leadership and Management in relation to the Greek community we see how vital it is to have students who exemplify both qualities. When obtaining a Leadership role within a Fraternity or a Sorority you are taking a lot of responsibility. To run a Greek house you must have the support and respect from all members, otherwise you can accomplish nothing. Fraternities and Sororities were built on the basis that we share the same goals and aspirations, it is the Leaders job to remind everyone that so they are able to carry on together. Leadership skills also come in handy when relating to your members. You read "Covey 7 Habits Analysis" in category "Essay examples" If you approach them as a manager instead of their leader they may lose that connection with you. With that being said the Managerial side of running a Chapter also is very important. I like to think of this as the work side. When managing a Greek house you must always be on top of the logistical or behind the scenes work that many members never really get a chance to see, whether it be connecting with nationals, working with housing corp. , or going to IFC meetings. This is where being a manager plays a big role because with all of this work organizational skills, delegation, and planning all must take place otherwise mayhem could occur. Once things get out of hand it is hard to pull them back, that is why staying on top of everything as a manager is just as important as being the leader that everyone wants to follow. Another way to look at leadership and management in daily life is Stephen Covey’s book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. The book looks at how to be the most effective person you can be. The steps you need to take to do so is also a major component in the book. The 7 Habits prepares you to change your outlook on what it really means to be effective, and in turn what it takes to be a leader. Habit one is Be Proactive. Sounds pretty self-explanatory but when you look more in depth you can really learn a lot from this habit. Being proactive is the root to being effective. It is the first step away from dependence towards independence. Being proactive means taking initiative, getting things done, and overall taking control of your life. When you become proactive you take responsibility for your choices. You learn what it means to really take accountability and get things done. Being proactive really is all about getting yourself to do what needs to be done and being accountable for that. I have personally seen myself start to be more proactive the older I get. I was a huge procrastinator when I was younger and was always rushing to get things done. Now by being more proactive I have found time to do others things and take on more responsibilities as a leader. Habit two is, begin with an end in mind. This boils down to setting goals. Whenever starting a project or taking something over know what you want to achieve when you begin. This is very important in measuring success. If you have a goal you have a target you are trying to reach. The more solidified the goal the more prepared you can become while trying to achieve it. To begin with an end in mind is like setting a personal goal or mission statement that can be applied to everything that you do, thus knowing what you can and want to achieve. I find habit two extremely insightful. I have always been an activator, someone who loves to start things and get them off the ground, my problem sometimes is once I start I don’t know where to go. This habit is really on that I connected with because I feel it can help me solidify what I want to do and where I want to go when starting any project in my life. Habit three is put first things first. In other words it is to prioritize by importance rather than urgency. Many times people get caught up and procrastinate, leaving them behind and always rushing to catch up on due dates. In the book there is a chart called the time management matrix, which shows four quadrants. The ideal quadrant is two, if you are living in this quadrant you have your priorities in check and have some free time to enjoy life. Most people however live in quadrant one, which is crisis management and never having free time because of poor pre planning. I find this habit to be one of the more difficult ones to live by. In my â€Å"LAMP† planning was my lowest strength on the management side. I struggle with putting first things first because sometimes I literally do not put first things first. This is something since reading the seven habits that I know I need to work on for my own leadership and management needs. Habit four is think win-win. This chapter explains all the different types of people that are out there. It explains that some people are out there only working for the good of themselves and do not care if they push anyone down to get where they want. This chapter focuses on looking at life from the perspective of win-win. Therefore everyone is no worse off than before. If we always went into a deal looking for the best option for both parties then things would run a lot smoother. This habit teaches us that making the right call and doing the right thing will propel you further than if you are only looking out for your own self interest and nothing else. I feel that I am pretty acclimated with this habit. I have always been the type to seek mutual agreements on deals or trades. I feel that by both parties becoming better off there is more room for working together or trading again in the future. Someone who only looks out for themselves will end up burning many bridges and will have no one to rely on soon enough. Habit Five is seek first to understand, then to be understood. This means to listen to someone, really listen to someone. Habit five is all about understanding someone, fully listening and caring about what they say. In turn they will do the same for you. Empathetic listening is key when connecting and seeing where someone is coming from. This is a great characteristic to have as a leader. When someone feels like they are really being heard, then they will make a conscious effort to hear you out. This will in turn create an environment of complete unity and will make it that much easier to get things done when you can see from others points of views and they can see from yours. I feel that I have been getting better at understanding first then seeking to be understood. Many times during the beginning of my Presidency I would try to be heard first, what I noticed is that nobody listens when all you want is to be heard. Everybody has a voice and those voices need to have the opportunity to share. Once I learned this many people who I had never even connected with much before my term started coming to me for daily advice because I would actually listen to them. In turn I found myself with a mass support system within the house. Habit Six, Synergize. To combine the strengths of everyone in the group for cohesive and effective teamwork is what synergy is all about. You can also use synergy to bring all seven habits together as well. Once you can figure out a way to make them all work then the habits almost condense into one proactive effective lifestyle. To truly understand synergism you must understand and trust the process. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts is a great way to think about synergism. Working to combine the best attributes of people into one is very hard to do but with synergy you must trust others and trust yourself. Synergy can even be related to work, using synergistic energy to bring new ideas and methods is vital to keep things moving and to renew. I feel that because of my Leadership studies minor I have been able to see strengths in people and work together with them implementing my strengths to maximize the potential of the group and do the best job that we can. I also noticed that working as a team and feeding off of others ideas really gets the engines going, creating a better work environment and creating healthy competition. Habit 7, Sharpen the Saw. This is taking a step back, viewing where you are, your goals, and life and really taking the time to meditate and think of how you are effective, and more importantly how you can become even more effective. When you â€Å"Sharpen the Saw† you are taking the time to focus on you. This can even be things like working on your physical health and mental well being. This is very important because if you feel tired, overworked, or stressed it is time to re-evaluate everything and have a plan to better yourself. I like to think of sharpening the saw as if I am looking at my effectiveness and goals from an outsiders view and how I can grow to become a better leader. I feel that I do not take enough time to do this. , partially because I do not manage my time as well as I would like to, to really evaluate myself and how I am doing. I do find it is really difficult to revisit my strengths and weaknesses and how to improve them because I am too worried about how everyone else is doing. When looking at the seven habits and the move from dependence, to independence, and ultimately interdependence I see how the seven habits can really be effective. I found that the seven habits, if utilized correctly can really change your life. The book however in my opinion goes too in-depth about how to use the habits. I feel that it could be condensed, giving more information about the habit itself, and less about how to live your life. The habits should be interpreted by each person from their own standpoint because everyone will use them differently. The part of the book I connected with most was the circle of concern and the circle of influence. This really hit the nail on the head for me. I find myself worried about too much instead of figuring out ways to use my influence to change them. If I was less concerned, and more influential the problems I face would not be there in the first place. This is something I have tried to work on ever since reading Covey’s book. I also have become more aware of myself. Habit 7 opened my eyes to the fact that I really do need to take care of myself more. By doing this I can effectively use the other six habits to my advantage. Overall I found the habits to be a guide for how to not only be a leader, but how to live life. The habits themselves are great tools to use in a leadership position or to just become a better person. The habits paired with my strengths and my management styles really all coincide. Now I just need to take what I know, take a step back and see how I can apply it to my everyday routine. I want to live like my favorite quote says, â€Å"Don’t count the days, make the days count. † Muhammad Ali. The only way to make the days count is hard work, effort, and the application of my strengths and the seven habits. How to cite Covey 7 Habits Analysis, Essay examples

Group Development Project

Questions: What should you do when you have competed this assessment with the required pass mark? Approximately how long is the induction period? What happens if the induction process fails? Which GDP team members (s) should communicate with the GDP Supervisor in the first instance? The Complete design specifications of the system you are to develop during the GDP are found? The teams communication log should be started? What is the final product of the GDP? You have just submitted Stage 2 of the project. you should move on to Stage 3 when ---------------- is/are satisfied that the team is ready to continue? Having submitted a GDP deliverable, you obtain the clients signoff by -------------------- the supervisor and client use the same criteria when marking GDP submissions is this True or False? For the purposes of the GDP a project has? All project has resource constraints who is unable to help with any problems in designing the system solution? A cost benefit analysis (economic feasibility) of the proposed solutions? Which of the following tool can be used as a scheduling tools for project? The mandatory performance progress reports made during the project must? AGDP team first progress report and review occurs? A good Executive Summary in a system proposal document? Who receives the revised and completely finished deliverables? What involves looking into a problem and reporting back to the client on what alternative recommendations can be made on potential solutions that will fix the problem? Effective team members should? Answers: 1. When I will get this assignment complete with pass marks, I will go through the whole assignment completely in order to find out what further modifications can be done for enhancing the quality of the assignment further and gaining more marks in the future. Moreover, I will identify the mistakes I have done in the assignment and I will try to rectify them so that my assignment will be flawless to the best of my knowledge. Again, during the course of my assignment, I will gather a lot of knowledge regarding the topics covered and I will be able to implement the knowledge in the future if I manage to obtain pass marks in this assignment. 2. Approximately, the induction period will be about 45 hours. In this period, we will learn to do an effective teamwork in order to complete the tasks allotted to us during the course of the study. We will also learn to divide the tasks between us so that everyone can take part in the assignment effectively. In this period, we will also learn how to approach difficult and complex tasks that cannot be done by regular means. We will learn new techniques that will be helpful in solving these kinds of complex tasks and problems. Finally, we will learn how to help the other team members if they face some difficulties during the assignment as well as find new techniques for solving the tasks in the assignment. 3.The induction process is extremely vital for deciding the direction of the assignment done by us. In the induction period, we will be given trainings on the approach needed for the assignment and teamwork. Hence, if the induction process fails, we may not be able to complete the assignment within the allotted timeline or we may not be able to complete it at all. Moreover, if we face problems during the course of the assignment, we will not be able to solve them due to the failure of the induction process. Hence, the success of the induction process will be necessary and we have to make sure we gather maximum knowledge from the process to make the induction process a successful one. 4. In the first instance, the GDP manager and the team leader(s) should communicate with the GDP supervisor. The duty of the GDP manager is to manage all the activities going on within the assignment and he is responsible for communicating with the GDP supervisor in case of queries or providing progress reports of the involved team members as well as the assignment / project. The team leaders are responsible for monitoring the progress of the team members during the project as well as guiding them in the right way. Hence, they should also regularly contact GDP supervisor in order to notify the progress of the team members and any shortcomings faced by the students during the project. 5. In the project, we will not have to develop or implement a complete system. However, we have to work on the design and develop a design proposal in which the system design details will have to be documented. Hence, during the GDP, we have to develop the design proposal and at the end of the project, we will have to provide complete design specifications of the system. 6. The teams communication log should be started at the beginning of the GDP, i.e. even before the induction period. This is necessary because the project itself has been designed so that the team members can communicate with and help each other for completing all the tasks effectively and within a specified timeline. However, the nature of communication between the team members must be monitored in order to avoid any unwanted controversy. Hence, the communication log will be an integral part of the project. 7. The final product of the GDP will be enhanced technical and team membership skills of each of the students taking part. The main objective of the GDP is to enhance the skills of students so that they are able to apply their knowledge and technical skills in the project as well as help others within the team. The students are expected to work as a team in the project so that all the problems within the project are solved and the project is completed within the specified timeline. Moreover, the goal of GDP is to further enhance the technical skills of the student. Hence, the final products of GDP will be enhanced knowledge of the students, perfect teamwork during the course of the assignment and the completion of the project with successful results within the specified timeline. 8. We will move on to Stage 3 of the project when the GDP manager is satisfied with the results and the GDP supervisor is pleased with the direction of the projec 9. Client signoff is obtained after the feedbacks are incorporated within the project document. After the complete project report is provided to the clients, they go through the report and send feedbacks regarding some minor or major changes necessary in the project. After these changes are done and documented, if the clients are satisfied, they provide the client signoff. 10. The statement is false, the supervisor and the client do not use the same criteria when marking GDP submissions. The supervisor analyzes the project requirements and marks the GDP on the basis of the requirements met in the project. However, the client marks the GDP on the basis of his own requirements met in the project. There are some cases when the basic requirements of the project are all successfully met but the client is not satisfied as his own requirements have still not been met. In these cases, the project team has to make necessary changes and provide the best system for the client. 11. The purpose of GDP in the project is develop communication and teamwork skills of the students. Another main purpose of the GDP is to enhance the skills of students so that they are able to apply their knowledge and technical skills in the project as well as help others within the team. The students are expected to work as a team in the project so that all the problems within the project are solved and the project is completed within the specified timeline. 12. Every project has resource constraints. There are some cases when some constraints cannot be solved by even the higher authorities. Hence, before starting the project, constraint analysis is necessary. During this phase, all the possible constraints should be analyzed and plans should be prepared so that these constraints can be solved in due course. During the project, if a constraint appears, the higher authority should be notified immediately if any help is required for solving these constraints. 13. A cost benefit analysis is necessary in any project to determine the feasibility of the proposed system. We should only proceed with the systems that will have high cost benefit as well as high feasibility. A sample cost benefit analysis table is given below: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment Construction Cost $230,000.00 Furniture Cost $35,000.00 Staff Wage $18,000.00 Others $60,000.00 Total $343,000.00 Cash Inflow $740,000.00 $814,000.00 $895,400.00 $984,940.00 $1,083,434.00 Discount factor @ 6% 0.983 0.86 0.84 0.752 0.717 Present value $727,420.00 $700,040.00 $752,136.00 $740,674.88 $776,822.18 Total Present Value $3,697,093.06 Net Present Value $3,354,093.06 Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment Construction Cost $230,000.00 Furniture Cost $35,000.00 Staff Wage $18,000.00 Others $60,000.00 Total $343,000.00 Cash Inflow $740,000.00 $814,000.00 $895,400.00 $984,940.00 $1,083,434.00 Cumulative Cash flow ($60,000.00) $680,000.00 $1,494,000.00 $2,389,400.00 $3,374,340.00 $4,457,774.00 Payback period 1.835380835 years Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment Construction Cost $230,000.00 Furniture Cost $35,000.00 Staff Wage $18,000.00 Others $60,000.00 Total $343,000.00 Cash Inflow $740,000.00 $814,000.00 $895,400.00 $984,940.00 $1,083,434.00 Total return $4,517,774.00 Return on investment 7529.62% 14. The scheduling tool to be used for the project should be able to identify the perquisites and priorities of the project. The tool should also be able to identify the time required by the team members to complete the tasks within the project. After analyzing all the requirements, the tool will create a project schedule that should be followed by the team members. 15. The mandatory performance progress reports made during the project must have detailed information about the progress of all the team members involved in the project. Moreover, the individual skills and contributions should also be documented within the performance project report. This will enable the supervisor to identify the students who will need further guidance with the project tasks. 16. GDP first progress report and review are necessary in order to analyze the direction of the project. The GDP supervisor is responsible for both the tasks. He will analyze whether the project is going the right direction and all the tasks can be completed within the specified timeline. Moreover, he will add some additional inputs that can be useful for enhancing the quality of the project. This occurs after the initial period of the project. 17. The purpose of an executive summary is to provide a compact summary of the whole project. This summary should contain all the significant points of the project within a limited word count. In a system proposal document, the executive summary should contain the system deliverables as well as the processes that will be followed during the course of the project. A good executive summary should have all these points and the client will be able to understand the whole project by reading just the executive summary. 18. The client receives revised and completely finished deliverables. This is to ensure all the requirements of the client can be met in the project. In the initial deliverables, the team members will notify the clients regarding what can be done to meet the requirements of the project. After that, the client may or may not demand any further changes. Finally, after incorporating the changes, the revised and final deliverables are sent to the client for approval. 19. One alternative solution for the specific problem will be to analyze the requirements clearly before the start of the project. After the analysis, all the requirements should be clear to the team members. When the requirements are clear, the team members should make a new document for the task deliverables and send it to the client. If the client approved the deliverables, the team members should start working on the project. This way, the verification by the clients after the completion of the project will be no longer required. 20. Effective team members should be able to help the other team members in case problems arise and they are unable to solve them alone. Effective team members should also be able to apply their skills and collaborate with others in order to complete the project with success and within the specified timeline. They should also be able to provide new inputs in their own tasks as well as their teammates that will be able to enhance the quality of the project. Bibliography Binder, J., 2016.Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. CRC Press. Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Bresnen, M., 2016. Institutional development, divergence and change in the discipline of project management.International Journal of Project Management,34(2), pp.328-338. Crawford, J.K., 2014.Project management maturity model. CRC Press. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Garel, G., 2013. A history of project management models: From pre-models to the standard models.International Journal of Project Management,31(5), pp.663-669. Green, C.A., Janoff, S.L., Yarborough, B.J.H. and Paulson, R.I., 2013. The recovery group project: development of an intervention led jointly by peer and professional counselors.Psychiatric Services. Grefen, P., Pernici, B. and Snchez, G. eds., 2012.Database support for workflow management: the WIDE project(Vol. 491). Springer Science Business Media. Heldman, K., 2013.PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley Sons. Hill, G.M., 2013.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Joseph, N., Erasmus, W. and Marnewick, C., 2014. The Idle State of Information and Communication Technology Project Management.Journal of African Business,15(3), pp.184-196. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Polonsky, M.J. and Waller, D.S., 2014.Designing and managing a research project: A business student's guide. Sage Publications. Ramazani, J. and Jergeas, G., 2015. Project managers and the journey from good to great: The benefits of investment in project management training and education.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.41-52. Savery, J.R., 2015. Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions.Essential readings in problem-based learning: Exploring and extending the legacy of Howard S. Barrows, pp.5-15. Schumann, C.A., Gerischer, H., Tittmann, C., Orth, H., Xiao, F., Schwarz, B. and Schumann, M.A., 2014. Development of International Educational Systems by Competence Networking based on Project Management.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, pp.192-201. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Integration of the Police Force Essay Sample free essay sample

The local constabulary sections along with the Erie County Sherriff’s are shortly excessively integrated into one force. This paper will speak about three jobs that will originate from this integrating and so three solutions for each one of these jobs. With that there will be drastic alterations. from rank construction. to pay classs. to how they will run as one force instead than different precincts. This means that they have to happen a manner of traveling about this drastic alteration. They live in Erie County were there are New York State Police. Eire County Sherriff’s. and so all the single town. small town. and metropolis constabulary sections. When they switch to Metro Police Department. they will be all one force ( with the exclusion of State Police ) . That means that constabulary officers will be allowed to traverse town lines and patrol anyplace ( with-in ground ) in Eire County. and would non hold to bespeak permission to traverse town lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Integration of the Police Force Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can salvage the constabulary section money by interrogating the sections into one. This paper will state how they will carry through this integrating with minimal troubles. This paper will speak about three jobs that will originate from this integrating and so three solutions for each one of these jobs. The first job is with all the sections being meshed into one rank construction is traveling to be messed up. The solution will be that they will merely hold one Chief of Police. but presently have a few twelve. The manner they will come up with the Chief is the individual with the best service record and who has the highest degree of senior status will be the Chief of Police. who will be at Headquarters in Buffalo. NY. Then they will hold three Deputy Chiefs. These three will be formed by the following three Chiefs with the best service record and senior status. They will be broke down into three subdivision of Erie County. One Chief will be stationed in Amherst. NY. another in Buffalo. NY. and so the 3rd and concluding Chief in Hamburg. NY. Each one of these Deputy Chiefs will hold one Police Commander and one Police Captain under them. They will make up ones mind which of the constabulary captains will take the musca volitanss. Any excess heads can travel down to Lieutenant or they will give them their pensions and they will take an early retirement with a little fillip for their grudges. All from there on down all forces will take a demotion a bulk will be demoted to Police officer. Promotions will be based on Seniority and their service record. Each Metro Police precinct will be run by a Lieutenant. The 2nd job with incorporating all the constabulary sections into one is the wage class. There will be maximal overtime of three hours a hebdomad for each officer. Each constabulary officer will work eight hours every twenty-four hours. There will merely be a one-fourth of the officers on the dark displacement compared to the twenty-four hours displacement. Without overtime this means that it is easy to maintain a low budget and salvage money which means that more officers will be employed with less cost than holding fewer officers who are on overtime. Each officers pay will reflect his or her rank in the force. All constabulary officers will be paid the same. all Sergeants will be paid the same. same with all Lieutenants. and so on. This is so we have less convulsion within our force because there will be no issues with wage persons rank. Third job with the integklration of the County and local constabulary sections is how to maintain unity. professionalism. authorization. and order within the force and in public. With the Eire County Sherriff’s. and all local constabulary sections being integrated into one we need new rigorous ordinances to be added to old 1s. First set of new Torahs are that no 1 will state degrading things to another constabulary officer or to a citizen based on gender. race. gender. age etc. Any issues whether it be in house or in public will be addressed by no 1 below the rank of Lieutenant. Anything that is either degrading to or good to anyone publically or in house based on gender or sexual penchants will non be tolerated. If it does go on it will be dealt with thoroughly and is evidences for remotion from the force. Professionalism is everything in the public constabulary force. it shows the citizens that we are a force to cover with if any offenses are committed and it tells them that we will protect them from force no affair what it is. So no vulgar linguistic communication or obscene gestures in public because it shows immatureness and sloppiness which is non what we should hold the public image us as. Each officer will be given a psych rating every two months to prove whether he or she is capable to work with in the force. If for any ground he or she is deamed non suit for responsibility the Lieutenant will read the study ( s ) and will speak to the Psychologist every bit good as the officer and will do the determination to either continue to allow the officer wo rk in the field. delegate him to desk responsibility. take a paid leave of absence for one hebdomad or to allow the officer go. A officer may non utilize his pervious sections rank or rubric to give foreman others around. so if a head is demoted to Lieutenant he may non stamp people around who are higher because that does non travel with rank construction. Any sexual torment and sexual assault will non be tolerated and any officers who are involved will be on wage leave till the job is solved. The Deputy Chief will cover personally with any sexual torment or sexual assault instances that are in house. If a officer is found to hold been wronging person. with due procedure of the jurisprudence. he or she will be let go of instantly. we will non digest this and will prosecute to the fullest extent. If a sexual torment or assault is found to hold been a prevarication so the individual who made the acquisition will be released from the force and will be arrested for a false charge. The local constabulary sections along with the Erie County Sherriff’s are shortly excessively integrated into one force. This paper has named and told how to work out three major jobs that will originate from this integrating and so three solutions for each one of these jobs. This is of import information because in the instance that a constabulary section does acquire integrated into onethere are three jobs listed with their solutions that you can utilize to repair them.

Free Essays on Marie Antionette

Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna, Austria on November 2nd 1755.She was the daughter of Austrian archduchess Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis the first. In 1770 she married the dauphin of France who later became King Louis XVI. Marie’s wedding to King Louis was made only to strengthen France’s Alliance with Austria. The people disliked the marriage. Marie ‘s actions increased the hostility and unpopularity among the people. She constantly sought the advice of the Austrian ambassador and attempted to influence French foreign policy in favor of Austria. Unhappy in her marriage, which remained unconsummated for seven years, she surrounded herself with a clique of disillusioned royals, led by Yolanda de Polignac and Marie Theresa de Lamballe, and threw herself into a life of pleasure and careless extravagance such as fancy balls, theatricals and gambling. Marie paid no attention to the France’s financial crisis, but only on spending her money lav ishly. Vicious stories and rumors where told about her one of these stories illustrates her haughty attitude toward the people. According to the story Marie asked an official why the Parisians are angry â€Å"because they have no bread† was the reply â€Å"then let them eat cake† said Queen Marie. This story also shows her lack of understanding in economic problems. With the birth of her son her life became more calm.Although she contributed to the fall. Her notorious reputation led to scandals such as the Affair of the Diamond Necklace and to rumors concerning her relations with officers of the guard and with Hans Axel Fersen. The famous solution to the bread famine, â€Å"Let them eat cake,† is unjustly attributed to the queen, but it is certain that Marie Antoinette lacked understanding of economic problems. With the birth of her first son, her life became more sedate. Although she had contributed to the downfall of A. R. J. Turgot in 1776 and was hostile to Jacques Necker,... Free Essays on Marie Antionette Free Essays on Marie Antionette Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna, Austria on November 2nd 1755.She was the daughter of Austrian archduchess Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis the first. In 1770 she married the dauphin of France who later became King Louis XVI. Marie’s wedding to King Louis was made only to strengthen France’s Alliance with Austria. The people disliked the marriage. Marie ‘s actions increased the hostility and unpopularity among the people. She constantly sought the advice of the Austrian ambassador and attempted to influence French foreign policy in favor of Austria. Unhappy in her marriage, which remained unconsummated for seven years, she surrounded herself with a clique of disillusioned royals, led by Yolanda de Polignac and Marie Theresa de Lamballe, and threw herself into a life of pleasure and careless extravagance such as fancy balls, theatricals and gambling. Marie paid no attention to the France’s financial crisis, but only on spending her money lav ishly. Vicious stories and rumors where told about her one of these stories illustrates her haughty attitude toward the people. According to the story Marie asked an official why the Parisians are angry â€Å"because they have no bread† was the reply â€Å"then let them eat cake† said Queen Marie. This story also shows her lack of understanding in economic problems. With the birth of her son her life became more calm.Although she contributed to the fall. Her notorious reputation led to scandals such as the Affair of the Diamond Necklace and to rumors concerning her relations with officers of the guard and with Hans Axel Fersen. The famous solution to the bread famine, â€Å"Let them eat cake,† is unjustly attributed to the queen, but it is certain that Marie Antoinette lacked understanding of economic problems. With the birth of her first son, her life became more sedate. Although she had contributed to the downfall of A. R. J. Turgot in 1776 and was hostile to Jacques Necker,...

Economic Forecast for Lowes (the home improvement store) Research Proposal

Economic Forecast for Lowes (the home improvement store) - Research Proposal Example Unusual from the responsibility of the company to make the energy profitable and more transparent, it needs other big companies to publish yearly report that shows their revenue profits and costs also the separated figures should be presented for the purposes of supply. The future consumers of electricity should be given great attention as part of the objective that it is aiming in order to improve the transparency and the profitability of the electricity company. This would instill confidence to the new firms that are willing to venture into the electricity using market business as well as any other business that uses energy in its production. Lowe’s data also assists the business people to asses and monitor their business on how much capital it spends on the electricity bills. The company will always lower the price of the products that it produces if only the price of the electricity is lowered by the company that produces it, this will lead to increased profits on its part as they will lower the prices of their products hence attract many customers hence higher sales that will lead to increased profit.

The Disease of Alcoholism Speech or Presentation

The Disease of Alcoholism - Speech or Presentation Example The present paper has identified that alcohol is a poison which can damage the body. Either as a con ­ sequence of its direct toxic effects or because of the dietary and vitamin  deficiencies which often  accompany heavy drinking, alcohol can harm the body. It can damage the brain with, at worst, dementia the result. The nerve supply to the limbs can be impaired with numbing and pain (peripheral neuritis). The liver can be the prime site of alcohol poisoning, with cirrhosis the outcome. The pancreas can become inflamed, with painful and potentially lethal consequences. The limb muscles can be weakened (Goodlett et al 1999). Only imagine that about 200,000 deaths each year are directly related to alcohol abuse (Death Statistics 2007). The major adverse effects associated with alcohol abuse are related to liver damage because of the accumulation fats and protein in the liver. Long-term heavy drinking is associated with the development of esophagitis, gastritis, achlorhydria and g astric ulcers. Heavy alcohol intake may interfere in the normal process of food digestion and absorption (Goodlett et al 1999). It also inhibits the capacity of the intestines to absorb various nutrients including vitamins and amino acids. This can result to vitamin deficiencies. Alcohol has been shown to affect the heart by increasing the resting cardiac output, heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. A person with alcohol intoxication may also be predisposed to infections secondary to the suppression of the immune system. Alcoholism ruins personality and males a person dependant on alcohol. â€Å"Rich or poor, tall or short, fat or thin, male or female, all fall into the alcoholic spectrum in an orderly and predictable pattern--each being equal to the other†. Form the chemical and biological point of view alcohol has potent effects on areas of the brainstem called the locus coeruleus and the raphe nuclei (Goodlett et al 1999). These play an important role in both moto r coordination and alertness, which unsurprisingly are two of the functions most impaired by having a drink or three. Alcohol abuse is so dangerous because it negatively inferences the mental and psychological development of a person. Alcoholism has the potential to disrupt every brain function. The well-known fact is that alcohol may appear to be a stimulant, but it is mostly a central nervous system depressant. Although initially there may be a feeling of happiness and well-being, alcohol produces loss of emotional control, violent behavior, inability to coordinate movement, nausea, confusion, and coma. Less known facts are that alcoholic coma is not a minor problem - it results in death in about 1 in 20 cases. Once people who use alcohol heavily are habituated to this drug after five or so years; they will experience blackouts, nightmares, and hallucinations. It is a known fact that citizens can drink alcohol life long in moderate quantities without significant risk to health or social well-being. Unfortunately, too many people who take alcohol regularly are unable to resist the temptation and increase the quantity of alcohol that leads to alcoholism. It is important to remember that withdrawal also produces uncontrolled trembling of the limbs, delirium and epileptic attacks that do not always respond to anti-epileptic drugs (Goodlett et al 1999).  

ECommerce Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECommerce Coursework - Essay Example Turban et al have compared the internet economy to the ecosystem in nature because the users find their own ways and means to generate profits and service the customers. They create an environment conducive to attract the customers and suppliers and make changes as the situation demands. Today the internet has scores of online businesses business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) and customer-to-customer (C2C) and has definite advantages over the traditional way of transacting business (Amit and Zott 2000). However, the internet ecosystem has a business model that has enhanced the value chain and eliminated the dis-intermediaries. There are various business models that operate on the internet each having its own advantages and benefits for the participants. This is because the internet is an open and non-proprietary platform for collaboration and communication. It has allowed free information sharing and close connections with customers and among supply chain or business ecosystems partners’ information systems (Lee and Vonortas 2003). This results in benefits like real time pricing, flexible products and services, low cost of distribution as the intermediaries can be eliminated. The extensive reach and the richness of the information can be maintained between the ecosystem partners. The digital assets for a firm include the information about the customers whereby they are able to provide value across different markets. Information is a source of revenue for the digital economy and this enhances transparency. Business offer virtual online stores where the customers can visit stores, compare prices and take an informed decision. In the digital world keeping pace with the change that is taking place is important and firms must learn to adapt to the changing business environments. Today there are definite value drivers of e-commerce, which refers to any factor that enhances the

Performance Appraisal System Impact on Employees Apollo Tyres

Performance Appraisal System Impact on Employees Apollo Tyres 1.1 Introduction According to Mayo, 2000, Human resources management is an important function of a firm because the machines can be easily directed, repaired and utilised but employees are living beings with emotions and prejudices and cannot be easily directed, repaired and utilised. In 20th century the theoretical as well as practical aspects of the Human resources management got a scientific dimension, the consistent efforts of the management to improve the performance of the firm has resulted in the performance evaluation of human resources or employees. The employees are the building blocks of a firm and the defective block will deform the entire firm so it is the responsibility of the management to shape these building blocks according to the needs. The performance appraisal system is not new concept it has an age old history to tell but the modern appraisal system has evolved in the mid of 20th century. The performance appraisal system, which integrates many departments of the firm, is aimed at the enhancement of performance of the employees. The employees who are not scoring in the performance appraisal period are required to undergo training and skill development programme. The performance appraisal was believed to be a motivation factor but in practise many studies have shown that it is not always act as a motivational factor but sometimes has de-motivational effects on the appraised. The system which formulates the rules and regulations to motivate the employees to perform better in the next appraisal period can be called as a best suited system for that particular firm because there is no optimum method or procedure to be followed in a performance appraisal system in a firm. (Nishad, 2005) The motivation and de-motivation factors may be present in the same performance appraisal system. The appraisal may be motivational to some employees meanwhile it is de-motivating for others. The combined effect is a general thing in all appraisal system but the proportion of motivation to de-motivation factors should be high otherwise the entire objective of the Performance appraisal will be failed. (Seong and Lewis, 2009) There are many factors which affect the result of performance appraisal the main factor is the appraisal procedure and the evaluation criteria, the next important factors are social, cultural, economical and political aspects of the employees. The social and cultural aspects are known as permanent factors which cannot be nullified so it becomes the duty of the employer to plan a PA system which suits the socio-cultural aspects of the employees in addition to the due consideration for the political as well as the economics factors. (Nishad, 2005) 1.2 Background and justification of the study 1.2.1 Background of the Study Apollo Tyres Ltd is a multinational company having many divisions all around the world. It is a private sector company with limited liability. The performance track of ATL has attracted many foreign firms to initiate joint venture with this company in UK, US and African continent. The performance of this company and the varied product categories it offers to the customers are the key for its success. (Company profile, 2010) Apollo Tyres Ltd is emerging as a global tyre manufactures and it finds its strength in the availability of materials and labour at a lower price than its competitors. The annual revenue for 2009 financial year was 1.2 Billion USD. The main source of income is form the domestic production; recently the firm has acquired many other international firms such as the Dunlop Tyres in 2006 and VBBV of Netherlands as well as the Russias largest tyre manufacturing company Amtel-Vredestein NV. ATL has a direct market strategy and has 2500 showroom all over the world; majority of it are in India. There are 4000 dealerships India and more than 100 dealers internationally. (Company profile, 2010 and Stanley, 2009) The globalisation has brought many challenges to ATL as new multinational companies have entered the health care sector in India. ATL has coped with challenges with diversified product plan and for that it has invested billion of Indian Rupee, as a result the company has major market share in India. It is a matter of credit that around 10% of Tyre Products available all over world belong to ATL because of the export activities of the company. The company is so successful because of the work force it got. (Company profile, 2009) The workers are being provided by good facilities such as good working environment, good salary, flexible time schedule and holiday and festive allowancesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. The Management has already providing them a contributory pension fund and insurance scheme for the employees. The educational scholar ships and education facility up to high school for the children of employees are provided by the company itself, apart from the residential facility. (Company profile, 2010 and Stanley, 2009) The annual report from financial year 2006 to 2009 has proved that the productivity has been getting decreased year by year. In 2006 it was 2.6% decrease and in 2009 it has reached the alarming 18% decrease. The management has a performance appraisal system since 1971 and counselling programme as well as skill development programmes are provided for the underperformed employees. Still the productivity graph records a downward growth. And this proposed study indents to find out the effectiveness and impact of the appraisal system on the employees and the productivity. (Stanley, 2009) 1.2.2 Justification of the study Every organisation around the world has vision and mission, whatever the philosophy behind the vision and mission there will be a common factor in the philosophy improved performance. The improved performance might bring profit to the organisation. The overall development of the organisation may be one side of the improved performance of the firm. the improved performance means the enhanced performance of the its various departments such as Human resources management, financial management, production and operations management, sales management, marketing management, customer care managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. In all of these departments the human factor is a matter of serious consideration. The right people for the right job make all the differences. (Taylor, 2001) All the firms have some or other method to measure and analyse the performance of it. The analysis of this performance and the actions plans to be taken to improve the performance are of great importance of every firm. To manage the performance appraisal of its employees the firms have a separate appraisal department under the human resources department. The functions of appraisal department are integrated with other department such as financial department to coordinate the appraisal rewards and punishments, if any. (Qureshi, 2005) The performance appraisal is a complicated disciple of study because the appraisal result might not be the intended and assumed motivation of the employees. The studies have revealed that in many firms around world the appraisal process and remedial measures have resulted in the declined performance of the employees indicating the de-motivational effect of the appraisal system. (Nishad, 2005) The appraisal methods and criteria should be defined particularly for each firm because the appraisal results and the impact of the employees are very much depended on the external internal factor of the firm. The external factors such as socio-cultural traits of the employees, the economic and political situation of the geographical location of the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. The internal factors mean the nature of the jobs, the leisure and pleasure in the job, the working conditions, organisational cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. (Nishad, 2005) The appraisal theories when applied to the Asian countries the result may be devastating because the western appraisal theories have a great limitation in the Asian countries because of the social and cultural difference of the Asian people. So it is imperative to analyse the appraisal system on the basis of local factor which influence the management and the organisational behaviour of the employees. (Taylor, 2001and Nishad, 2005) In the proposed study, ATL- Kalamassery, in the Kerala state, India, is taken because the political and the economical situations of the state. The Kerala is world famous for the various political ideologies such as communism and socialism. The economic backwardness of the state is also factor to take this unit of ATL for the study. According to Taylor (2001) the social- cultural traits of the employees in India are very much different from the western countries. The social behaviour of Indians is sometimes unacceptable social etiquettes for westerners. The social bond and relations are different from that of the western countries. The proposed study would like to analyse the impact of the factors in the appraisal system and how far the appraisal system of ATL can manage its employees in the improvement of performance. 1.2.3 Literature Review Performance appraisal has a long history it emerged with the civilisation. When the people are interacting to each other in an orderly fashion then it may require some laws to govern the conduct of the people in the group. This preliminary law formation is called grundnorm which means the base norm, and these base norms were designed to control the conduct and also the distributed duties. The distribution of duties include various works; later on when these works required efficiency then performance of the individual and the groups were began to analyse. So it can be said that the performance appraisal was there in the primitive societies and in the course of time the application and the method of evaluation has been changed a lot. (Rajeev, 2000) According to Mayo, (2000), in the modern world, where everything is measured in time, the performance evaluation has great importance. The performance of each member of a group is important for the purpose of performance evaluation. After the industrial revolution new management theories came in to being and many of them went in to oblivion, those survived gave emphasis on the evaluation of the performance on the basis of scientific criteria. The industrial world tries to motivate its man power so that better performance can be obtained from each of the employees. The motivational aspect of the performance appraisal has been subject for deep rooted debates which are based on the many disciplines of study such as psychology, anthropology, sociologyetc. The complexity of the subject matter indicates the intricacies involved in the performance appraisal process and its impact on the employees. (Nishad, 2005) The motivational theories such as Vrooms expectancy theory and hygiene theory suggest that the employees are not motivated by giving them better facilities or salary but there is a mental dimension such as appreciation, recognition, career growth etc. The modern appraisal theory which is based on these concepts where as the classical theory of performance appraisal only support the deterrent method, that is, the employees who are performing well will be paid better and those who are not will be sacked. This approach has many loop holes such as the mental strain during the appraisal period the employees have and the lack of loyalty from the part of the employees and it was proved to be ineffective in motivating the employees. (Rajeev, 2000) The modern approach, meanwhile, support more over a lenient approach towards the employees. The basic philosophy is to understand the basic problem in the underperformance of the employees. The root cause may not be related to the employment or it may be related of some physiological problems, whatever it may the manager or the supervisor who is in charge of the appraisal process is responsible to understand it. The counselling process is designed to understand the problems and give suggestions to solve the problems of the employees. The training and improvement programmes are also conducted in many modern industries to increase the performance level of the employees. (Rajeev, 2000) The performance appraisal is usually begins with the formulation of the criteria on which each and every employee will be analysed. The criteria formation is very complex and will be unique according to the nature of employment as well as the philosophy of the management. The criteria then communicated to the employees and a time period will be given to them to opine about the criteria and after the evaluation of the suggestions from the various sources the management may change the criteria or stick on with it. The appraisal process will start and the each employee will be informed about the appraisal period. The appraisal result will be published publically and remedial measures will be taken thereafter. The remedial measures include the training and improvement programme and even the removal of the underperformance form the employment. (North, 2006) The problem with the performance appraisal begins when the employees are instructed to undergo the remedial measures. According to Nishad (2005), the social and cultural factors of the employees as well as the political strength are important factors that dictate the appraisal process. Unlike the western world in Asian countries the political strength of the employees unions is much stronger and the labour laws are much lenient to support the employees. The appraisal system in the Asian countries shall not follow the procedures of the western firms. The motivational factors and the de-motivational factors are different and contradictory in western and eastern world. The factors which motivate a westerner may a factor for de-motivation in Asian countries. According to Taylor (2001), the social-cultural aspects of the employees have significant effect on the appraisal system in the Asian countries. The trade unionism and the political inclination of these unions are other factors which will affect the appraisal system adversely. The behavioural pattern of the employees have to be analysed before the formulating the appraisal strategy. The political philosophy of the political parties in Kerala varies from leftist ideology to the rightist capitalism. The political parties strongly support one or the other political ideologies; communism and socialism are the major philosophies which are being followed in the state for more than a century. The trade unions of the state are affiliated to anyone of the political parties and the trade unions enjoys the protection of labour laws of the land. (Ashok, 2007) Situation in the ATL is not different from the political situation of the state. The political parties have a great influence on the trade unions and the lives of the employees. Every employee in the ATL is affiliated to any one of the political parties. This is basically a survival strategy for the employees as well as the trade unions. (Ashok, 2007) The collective bargaining of the trade unions and the threat of strikes hampered the growth of many industries in the state. The current situation in the firm is also same and the management have to discuss and reach in a consensus to implement any change in work schedule or in bonus or in the salary. The strength of the management is in the bargaining power and that of the trade unions is in the unity and threat to strike. (Uppal, 2009) The performance appraisal system of any industry is under the scrutiny of the trade unions, the performance criteria should be passed by the trade union so that it can be smoothly run. The remedial measures are also supervised by the trade unions and any action which will be a potential threat will be strongly resisted by the unions. (Uppal, 2009) 1.2.4 Aim The present study aims to analyse the Performance Appraisal System of the Apollo Tyres Ltd and the motivating as well as the de-motivating effects of the appraisal system on the basis of the socio-cultural and politico-economical situations and to suggest the strategies and procedures to improve the performance of the employees. 1.2.5 Hypothesis (A) Null hypothesis H0 Impact of a performance appraisal system on the employees is depended on the social, cultural, political and economic environment of the firm and the employees (B) Alternative Hyposthesis H1: Impact of a performance appraisal system on the employees is NOT depended on the social and Cultural environment of the firm and the employees H2: Impact of a performance appraisal system on the employees is NOT depended on the political and economic environment of the firm and the employees The null hypothesis is statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually those observations are the result of chance). The concept was introduced by R.  A.  Fisher (Gonick and Smith, 2006) In this proposed study, the null hypothesis considers the independent variables such as social, cultural, political and economic factors of the environment in which the firm operates. The null hypothesis is assumed to be trued based on the various secondary data. The alternative hypothesis is divided in to two part one with the factors such social and cultural factors and the second one is political and economic factors. According to Malhotra (2008), the social and cultural factors cannot be separated as it is has strong influence on each other. The social factor is formed based on the cultural factor and the cultural is nurtured and propagated through social circumstances. According to Cumbler (2003), The political philosophy is always related with the economy of the country, the political affiliation is more over has direct influence on the economy of the people. It is noteworthy that the communism and other labourer favoured philosophies are flourishing the third world countries because of the poor economic conditions. Once these countries become developed nations the leftist philosophies will cease to exist in course of time. 1.2.6 Primary Objectives of the Study 1. To analyse the performance appraisal system in general and particularly in the Apollo Tyres Ltd (ATL) 2. To understand analyse the significance of the performance appraisal system in achieving the goals and objectives of a firm 3. To study and analyse the transition of performance appraisal from conventional to modern and the major factors influenced the transition 4. To understand the motivating and de-motivating effect of the appraisal system on the employees in general and particularly in the ATL 5. To analyse effect of social and cultural factors and political and economical factors of the employees on the appraisal system in general and particularly in the ATL. 1.2.7 Research Questions To fulfil the primary objective of the study the following research questions are proposed Performance Appraisal its meaning and definitions What are the significance of performance evaluation system in accomplishing the organisational objective and goals? What are the differences in the modern as well as in the conventional appraisal system? What is the relation between the motivation of the employee and appraisal system? How do the socio-cultural and politico-economical factors of the employee affect the Appraisal System in a firm? Does the performance appraisal system in the Apollo Tyres Ltd have a motivational effect on the employees? What are the strategies that the ATL follows in the appraisal process to enhance the performance of the employees in the particular socio-cultural and politico-economical background? 2. Research method and Approach 2.1 Introduction The research method and approach is devised to study and understand Performance Appraisal System in the Apollo Tyres Ltd (ATL). The study involves the opinion of the employees and the management on the present appraisal system in ATL. The interview method will be used to understand the management side of story on the Performance Appraisal system in the ATL. The questionnaire method is used to understand the employee side story. The literature reviews are depended to make a frame work on the theoretical concept of the study. Various statistical methods will be used to analyse the data and it will be explained on the basis of relevant literature. The span of the research will be six months. In the month of March, 2010 the study will be commenced and the final report will be submitted in September, 2010. 2.2 Research Methodology of the study The research methodology of the study is designed to understand the Performance Appraisal System in the ATL and the impact of present system on the employees. According to Kothari, (2002) the research method suitable for a study where the relevant literatures as well as the primary data are used the two research methods are generally used such as the exploratory methods and the constructive methods. The constructive methods are used when the subject matter of the research needs some frame of reference to handle the entire research results. For example, in international marketing research, sometimes, the cultural traits of customers have to be taken the basis or frame of reference of the study because this trait will affect all the research questions under study. 2.2.1 Exploratory research methods Exploratory research methods are wildly used in the secondary data accumulation. In this present study the literature review will be used to understand and to formulate the theoretical frame work of the entire study. The history of the appraisal system, the relevance of the appraisal system, the motivational as well as the de-motivational aspects of the PA system, the social and cultural factors as well as the political and economic factors will be extensively studied through relevant literature. The relevant sources will be explored to understand the subject matter of the study deeply thus exploratory research methods. (Kothari, 2002) 2.2.2 Constructive Research Methods Constructive research methods are used when the research result cannot be generalised due the influence of dominant factors in the study. (Kothari, 2002) In the present study the performance appraisal system is analysed based on the social and cultural aspect of the employees. The political and economical aspects are also considered for the study because all these factors have a dominant effect on the study. In other words, without taking these factors under consideration the research will be completed. The geographical location of the unit under study is in the Kerala state, India, which is an economically backward place and the political philosophies, such communism and socialism have formidable impact on the people living there. The social and cultural factors are different from the western world and the social bonds and family cohesions are very important aspects this culture. The social interaction and etiquettes are different from that of the western world so the theories applicable in the western world no longer stand good in these situations. So it is mandatory for this study to form a frame work on these factors to analyse th e subject matter of the research. 2.2.3 Questionnaire and interview method Interview and questionnaire methods are generally used to collect the data first hand (Kothari, 2002). In this study these methods are preferred to get the information on the appraisal system of ATL and the impact of such system on the employees. The questionnaires will be used to get the opinions of the employees on the performance appraisal system as well as the appraisal rewards and the methods of the PA system. According to Saunders et al., 2003 the open end interviews are useful to gather data in a larger perspective. The open end interview questions and the answers to it will give the interviewer the opportunity to ask other relevant questions to the interviewee based on the previous answer and can get more details from the interviewer. The interview questions are open end in nature and the questions will be asked to the officials of ATL. According to the answers of these officials other related questions will be asked to get more comprehensive view on the subject. This method is used to interview the officials only because there are very few in number. The questionnaire will be distributed to the employees and the responses will be collected back within one month of distribution. This method is adopted because in this unit there are 2100 employees and interviewing all them will not be possible due to time constrain. 2.3 Method of Study The proposed study requires both primary data as well as the secondary data to meet the objectives of the study. The method of study thus designed to collect the primary as well as the secondary data. The primary data will be collected from the management staffs and from the employees. The secondary data will be collected by referring books, Articles, the e-journals and paper journals, web sitesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. 2.4 Primary data collections methods Primary data will be collected from the employees and the managers of the ATL directly. The employees will be distributed the self-structured close end questionnaire to be answered and 2 weeks time will be given to them to fill it and return. Managerial staff will be interview with open end interview questions. According to Saunders et al., 2003, the open end questions are very apt for interviewing a small sample in a study it also very effective because the open end questions will provide enough opportunity to ask more questions based on the answer for the previous questions and clarify the doubts on the statements if any. 2.5 Secondary Data collection methods The secondary data collection is highly recommended information gathering process in any research work. The researcher should be diligent enough to select apt resources and updated information. In management subjects the data collection should be done through updated resources and latest editions books, articles and journals because new concept and theories and its applications are emerging day by day and it is the responsibility of the researcher to find out the up dated information for his research work. (Kumar, 2005) The secondary data collection method includes access to the relevant and updated books, journals and articles. The website will be extensively used if the authenticities of the sites are known. The university library and online facility will be extensively used for this research. The data regarding the company profile will be gathered though company website and referring the ISO manual of ATL and the annual report which is available in the web site of ATL. 2.6 Method of Data analysis In the proposed study the primary data as well as the secondary data will be used to reach a conclusion and the recommendations. The primary data will be analysed with various statistical tools such as chi square test, ANOVA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc and the variance analysis will be done to understand the impact of the statement with the literature review. Both the primary and secondary data will be simultaneously used to interpret the results of the research. 2.7 Scope, Ethics and Limitation of the Study Scope The proposed study is on the performance appraisal system and the impact of it on the employees. The scope of the research includes the analysis of the various factors such as the social-cultural aspects and the political-economic factors of the environment in which the Apollo Tyres Limited is operating. The social and cultural aspect of the employees will be analysed and the suitable strategy for the appraisal system will be studied. The political and economic situation of the employees will be analysed and the performance appraisal approach of the management will be studied based on these factors. The scope of the research will be on the formulation appraisal strategy which will be suitable under the various research variables. The motivational and the de-motivational impact of the appraisal system will be analysed based on the four above mentioned aspects of the employees. Ethics According to Kothari (2002), a research study will provide accurate results and will provide a valid conclusion if it has followed a research ethics. In this proposed study the permission to do the research is obtained from the management of Apollo Tyres Limited, Kalamassery Unit, Kerala state, India. The survey among the employees of the ATL will be conducted confidentially. The questionnaire will not contain any whereabouts of the employees only the service, age, gender and positions. It will not ask for any personal details such as the address, name or any name of unique post. The research will seek the written permission from the management for the interview of the Management staffs so the evidence of opinion can be adduced in the Dissertation. Relevant literature will be collected and analysed to gather the knowledge base on the subject matter so that the research should have a through theoretical support. Limitations Short span of time is problem in the research as the time period is limited to three months. The data collection and the analysis of the primary data will be done with maximum speed and there is a chance the responses of the employees is not 100% true to the fact. The literature available on the performance appraisal is numerous and reading the relevant one requires great time. The limited time may limit the number of literature that can be analysed by the researcher. The data will be gathered through research aid wing of Indian Management Association (IMA). The representative of IMA will be hired for the purpose of the data collection; the knowledge limit of the person on the research objective may prove to be a problem in translating the questionnaire to the employees. The cooperation from the part of the employees and other management staff is essential for the success of the research. The research will suffer if there is limited cooperation from the staffs of the Apollo Tyres Limited. 2..8 Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion The trade unionism and the political inclination of these unions are other factors which will affect the appraisal system adversely. The behavioural pattern of the employees have to be analysed before the formulating the appraisal strategy. The political philosophy of the political parties in Kerala varies from leftist ideology to the rightist capitalism. The political parties strongly support one or the other political ideologies; communism and socialism are the major philosophies which are being followed in the state for more than a century. The trade unions of the state are affiliated to anyone of the political parties and the trade unions enjoys the protection of labour laws of the land. Situation in the ATL is not different from the political situation of the state. The political parties have a great influence on the trade unions and the lives of the employees. Every employee in the ATL is affiliated to any one of the political parties. This is basically a survival strategy for the employees as well as the trade unions. The collective bargaining of the trade unions and the threat of strikes hampered the growth of many industries in the state. The current situation in the firm is also same and the management have to discuss and

Too Bare Hamlet :: essays research papers

A son’s tragedy, a brother’s betrayal. A story of responsibility and revenge is that of William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet. The theme in the play Hamlet is one that is great in age and remains present even in today’s entertainment. A modern story which shares this theme is Disney’s The Lion King. The characters Simba and Hamlet are the main characters in both stories and both share many similarities. Treachery from within the family was the cause of both character’s losses, and the initial conflict of the entire story. Along with major characters, the stories also share similar secondary characters. The characters Rosencranz and Guildenstern can be compared to the Disney characters Timon and Pumbaa. The Lion King and Hamlet share a common theme and reflect one another. The Prince of Denmark, the Prince of the Pride Lands, Hamlet and Simba are the main characters of both stories and share similar situations and traits. Both characters think highly of their fathers and share a close bond of love with them. "With all my love I do commend me to you"( II I 184 ), proving that Hamlet not only loves his father but also respects and obeys his wishes. "I was just trying to be brave like you." Simba says this to his father showing how much he looks up to him. Hamlet and Simba delay their action of revenge over their father’s death. The loss of the fatherly figure leaves Hamlet extremely depressed, and Simba with feelings of guilt and without a teacher. Each character runs from their responsibility, although they both know what must be done inside. It is remarkable that such similarities exist in the conflicts and actions of both characters. Hamlet and Simba are betrayed by their uncles whom murder their fathers in order to fulfill their own ambitions. Scar and Claudius were both the brother of the proclaimed King. They both lived in their older brother’s shadow and were envious of their success. Claudius and Scar’s envy led them to kill their brothers which allowed them to seize the throne. "The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/Now wears his crown. ( I V 38,39 )" "Here’s my little secret, I killed Mufasa." To keep their newly claimed throne Scar and Claudius had to guarantee that there would be no interference from their nephews. Both Hamlet and Simba were led astray from their home by their uncle, therefore guaranteeing no interference. "The associates tend, and every thing is bent/For England."( IV III 45,46) "Run away! Run away and never return!" In Hamlet and The Lion King the main characters were betrayed by their uncle by the murdering of their father and